1. European Organization for Nuclear Research
50 years of research in physics
05 Novembre 2003

2. CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
Founded in 1954 by 12 countries
Today: 20 member states
More than 7000 users from all over the world
~1000 MCHF / Year budget
1954: Convention establishing the Organization - original signatures
2004: The 20 member states

3. CERN site SPS accelerator CERN main site LHC accelerator CERN 2nd site
Geneva Airport

4. Accelerator chain at CERN, a complex business
CERN's mission: to build particle accelerators
Accelerator chain at CERN, a complex business

5. CERN's mission: to build particle accelerators
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate particles properties.
Four gigantic underground caverns to host the huge detectors
The highest energy of any accelerator in the world
The most intense beams of colliding particles
It will operate at a temperature colder than outer space

6. The LHC: what it will look like
The LHC will start operation in It will certainly
change our view of the Universe

7. Preparing the LHC
27 km circumference
100 m underground

8. Building the CMS experiment for the LHC

9. Particle physics looks at matter in its smallest dimensions
Why accelerators? To investigate Particle Physics
Particle physics looks at matter in its smallest dimensions
Accelerators
Microscopes
Binoculars
Optical and radio telescopes

10. Methods of Particle Physics
1) Concentrate energy on particles (accelerator)
2) Collide particles (recreate conditions after Big Bang)
3) Identify created particles in
Detector (search for new clues)

11. Today’s periodic system of the fundamental building blocks
The constituents of matter
Quarks (Gell-Mann) 1964
Proton
Today’s periodic system of the fundamental building blocks

12. We don't know everything!
Why three generations?
The LHC will help solving all these unsolved mysteries
Supersymmetry?
Higgs boson?

13. Higgs signature at the LHC
The two proton beams at the LHC will collide head-on 800 million times per second
We expect only 1 Higgs in
1,000,000,000,000 events

14. CERN, Internet and the WWW

15. Evolution of CERN computing needs CPU capacity 1998-2010
Moore’s law
Jan 2000: 3.5K SI95
LHC experiments
Other experiments

16. The GRID: a possible solution to CERN computing needs
The LHC computing GRID is a project funded by the European Union. The objective is to build the next generation computing infrastructure providing intensive computation and analysis

17. Medical applications of particle physics