Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:

Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:
George Gulalo President MTT Technical Services Bill Sutton Electrical Engineer Kollmorgen Moderator: Chuck Murray Senior Technology Editor Design News 2

Table of Contents Introduction Defining Wet Environments
The Breadth of Applications Where Water and Liquids Pose a Threat to Motors and Drives Effect of Water Contamination: What happens when water contaminates the electric motor environment? What must we consider when faced with a wet environment? Protection from Water: Some Solutions Selected Application Examples: Challenges and Solutions Presentation Conclusions Extras: Major Contributors to the Presentation IP Ratings Table NEMA Enclosure Standards MTT Technical Services

Introduction MTT Technical Services

what should you get out of this presentation?
An appreciation of the system design challenges when placing motion systems in wet environments. An understanding of the design guidelines and the different degrees of protection from water provided by two standards organizations; the IEC and NEMA What makes motors and drives susceptible to water damage. What can you do to protect the motors and drives from the wide range of water challenged applications. MTT Technical Services

Defining wet environments
MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

Accepted Ingress Protection Ratings
Ratings defining protection from solids and liquids have been created by two well recognized organizations; the International Electro-Technical Commission (Worldwide) and NEMA (U.S.) The IEC was founded in 1906 as a not for profit, NGO with HQ in Switzerland. Member countries create national committees to participate. The U. S. is a full member. MTT Technical Services

IP Ratings MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

IP Rating System The Ingress Protection (IP) rating system, published by the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC), that relates to proven protection against environmental factors such as liquids and solids. The format of the rating is: IP XY The first number (X) refers to the amount of protection a device has against solid matter (such as dust particles), while the second number (Y) defines the level of protection against liquids. The larger each digit is, the greater the protection The next slide depicts all of the liquid related IP ratings using ‘clip arts’ in place of words. Two tables, more fully describing the ratings, appear in the ‘Extras’ section of this presentation. MTT Technical Services

MTT Technical Services

nema standards MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

NEMA Enclosure Standards
The National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA) has also established standards for enclosures housing electrical equipment (< 1000 ac volts). A NEMA Type designation provides general guidelines for enclosures based on their ability to protect the enclosed electrical/electronic components from harmful effects of the ingress of certain solids and liquids. The next set of slides provides you my summary of the standards from NEMA in convenient table format. A more detailed version appears in the ‘Extras’ section of this presentation. MTT Technical Services

Offer a degree of protection against ingress of…
NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 1 (indoor) falling dirt No protection. Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 2 (indoor) dripping and light splashing 3 (in/out) falling dirt and windblown dust rain, sleet, snow, ice on outside MTT Technical Services

NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 3R (in/out) falling dirt rain, sleet, snow, ice on outside Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 3S (in/out) rain, sleet, snow, external mechanism operable when ice laden 3X (in/out) falling dirt and windblown dust rain, sleet, snow, resists corrosion from external ice formation. MTT Technical Services

NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 3RX (in/out) falling dirt rain, sleet, snow, undamaged by ice, resists corrosion from external ice formation. Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 3SX (in/out) falling dirt and windblown dust rain, sleet, snow, external mechanism operable when ice laden, resists corrosion from external ice formation. 4 (in/out) rain, sleet, snow, splashing water and hose directed water, damage from external ice formation. MTT Technical Services

NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 4X (in/out) windblown dust rain, sleet, snow, splashing water and hose directed water, resists corrosion and will be undamaged from external ice formation. Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 5(indoor) falling dirt and settling airborne dust, lint, fibers, and flyings dripping and light splashing 6 (in/out) falling dirt hose directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth and will be undamaged from external ice formation. MTT Technical Services

NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 6P (in/out) falling dirt hose directed water and the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth and resists corrosion and will be undamaged from external ice formation Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 12 (indoor) falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings dripping and light splashing Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) offering a degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts MTT Technical Services

NEMA NEMA Enclosure Type Solids Liquids Other Purposes/ Conditions 12K (indoor) falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings dripping and light splashing Enclosures constructed (with knockouts) offering a degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts 13 (indoor) Dripping, light splashing and spraying, splashing, and seepage of oil and non-corrosive coolants. Degree of protection to people against access to hazardous parts

Comparing NEMA and IP enclosure ratings
There is no exact way to match IP Ratings with NEMA Enclosure types. NEMA has more criteria associated with their enclosure types than the IEC. In particular NEMA also takes in to account product features not addressed by IP codes such as: construction practices corrosion resistance protection for people impact of ice gasket aging MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

Comparing NEMA and IP enclosure ratings
This following comparison table is only approximate. Each application needs to be individually evaluated and it is recommended that the user verify the enclosure rating necessary. Source: MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

breadth of applications
With significant contributions from Rick Halstead, Empire Magnetics breadth of applications MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

Breadth of Applications: Introduction
The following slides list applications where protecting motors from water may be necessary. The number and breadth of applications is quite large. The list would be larger if we included all applications where water presents a potential danger to motors and drives. We will leave discussing applications later on in this presentation where we will focus on a few interesting examples. MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Undersea Exploration and Military
Automated undersea lights and cameras Naval/military Robotic submarines Salvage robots Undersea oil and mining exploration Undersea oil and mining extraction MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Sea Surface
Automated hydrophone arrays Aquaculture Floating seafood factories Hydrofoil air cushion controls Sonar arrays Wave power generation MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications On and Above Land, Large Scale Activities
Automated inspection: Water jets and ultrasound in water tanks, inspection of nuclear reactor components Flood control systems Mining Oil exploration and drilling Pipeline welding and pipeline x-ray equipment. Railroad track grinding equipment Toxic clean-up equipment Upper atmosphere wind study equipment MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Food Production (Manufacturing)
Automated ice cream cup fillers Corn dog machines Food packaging, dispensing, vacuum sealing, inspecting and labeling Food processing cleaning, chopping, etc. Juice box filling and sealing machines Meat slicers Pineapple coring machines MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Other Manufacturing
Automated machine tools: Mills, lathes, screw machines, grinding applications, cut-off tools Chemical manufacturing Drug manufacturing: Pill pack sealing, packing, labeling, gene splicing microscope stages, media plate filling Medical supply manufacturing: Artificial blood vessels, rubber gloves, sterile bandages Paper manufacturing MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Communication Systems
Antenna and gun pointing systems Communications in Hostile Environments Systems for satellite tracking stations MTT Technical Services

Selected Water Challenged Applications Other Segments
Processing of Metals and Films Large Scale Printing Water jet cutting in production settings Sterilization of motorized medical and dental instruments Submersible Entertainment Equipment MTT Technical Services

effect of water contamination
MTT Technical Services MTT Technical Services

introduction We can all imagine what damage can be caused by water in a motor (or a drive) but aren’t motor winding conductors, laminations and housings already coated to protect them from external contamination? Not always. Not completely. Not really. Let’s explore what makes motors and motor and drive housings vulnerable to water. MTT Technical Services

Motor Characteristics That Make Them Vulnerable to Wet Applications
Electrical Conduction Through Water in Insulation Flaws The magnet wire of the coils, a solid copper wire is coated with an enamel or varnish and covered by an insulation. However, small pin holes are almost always present. But pin holes rarely line up so shorts between coils is rare. But when a little water gets in to the windings, it can provide a conductive path between unaligned pin holes and insulation flaws. With voltage applied the current from the power supply can quickly destroy the motor windings. MTT Technical Services

Electrical Conduction Through Water in Insulation Flaws And impregnation does provide better electrical insulation (and prevents vibration in the motor windings). Impregnation can also increase the thermal conductivity and reduce water absorption to reach a better environmental balance. Although quality insulation and impregnation can reduce if not prevent this problem, they add greatly to product cost. MTT Technical Services

Rust in the Stator Laminations The magnetic iron in motors tends to corrode very easily when subjected to moisture. Mechanical tolerances between the rotating part of the motor and the stator iron are small to optimize motor torque. In some motors such as step motors, air gap tolerances are often held to about .002 in. When the motor is operating, these teeth get hot, and the temperature is typically high enough to turn any water in the motor into steam. Steam is corrosive, such that the magnetic iron in the teeth rusts faster than usual. MTT Technical Services

Bearing degradation with iron rust. Accumulation of rust on the iron parts grows and in small air gaps, rotor and stator teeth can begin to rub. The rust particles combine with any water intruding in to the motor and form an abrasive slurry (sludge). This oxide slurry gets into the motor bearings, and bearing wear accelerates. Worn bearings cause the motor to wobble and additional rubbing occurs. The combination of oxide build-up on the magnetic teeth and the loss of bearing accuracy can cause a standard motor to fail in a period as short as two weeks when water gets inside. MTT Technical Services

Water Damage to Windshield Wiper Motor
A sludge of water, rust, and oil coated the water logged motor. Water finds pin-hole flaws shorting through the winding insulation causing excessive heating even burning. Source: wiper_motor_replacement.htm MTT Technical Services

Salt Water Damage to Tesla Model S Electronics
A low lying coastal area was inundated with sea water flooding up to seat level a Tesla Model S. Source: wiper_motor_replacement.htm MTT Technical Services

what must we consider when faced with a wet environment
MTT Technical Services

what to consider in a wet environment
When thinking of protecting a motor from threats from water and other liquids it is natural to think first of a suitable housing. But there is a lot more to assuring your motor or drive is safe from the surrounding wet environment. Here are some of the items you need to consider: Motor and Drive External Housing Wire/Cable entering and exiting the housing Connectors Shafts Motor winding insulation Internal Motor Volume- Potted? Liquid Filled? Pressure equalized? Temperature differences inside and outside the housing and temperature cycling. MTT Technical Services

what to consider: in a wet environment-more
And it is not unusual that the threat to the motor and drive is only from liquids. Many wet environment applications also include other challenging environmental characteristics: High heat High pressure Radiation Let’s not forget that applications such as food production themselves must be protected from motor liquids such as bearing greases and other lubrications. While we will focus on the impact of liquids keep in mind the environment in its totality must be considered. MTT Technical Services

What are some of the solutions?
protection from water What are some of the solutions? MTT Technical Services

Water Proofing Motors/drives
Make externally exposed materials (housing, end bells, shafts) out of corrosive resistant metals. Standard motor and drive housings are made of painted cold rolled steel and/or aluminum, a waterproof motor's exterior is commonly made of stainless steel to resist corrosion. Different steel alloys are employed depending on the corrosive threat. Stainless steel alloys with varying nickel chromium content are used for underwater and in other environments where ordinary motors are unsuitable. Alloys ranging from 303 stainless for ordinary submerged applications, to 316 stainless for exposure to caustic or marine environments. MTT Technical Services

More approaches to wet environments: Fit the motor to accept redundant shaft seals. Water proof motor’s shaft by design is provided with redundant shaft seals. Fit the motor to accept O rings. A waterproof motor is designed to accommodate O-ring seals, allowing the watertight sealing that is not practical in a standard motor MTT Technical Services

More approaches to wet environments: Employ hermetic cable feed-throughs for motor and drive. The wiring that leads to the motor coils in a waterproof motor requires a hermetically-sealed feed-through device to prevent water from wicking into the motor via the cable conductors. Pressure equalization techniques bleeder tubes oil filled adjustable bladders MTT Technical Services

Consider sealants for bolts, bolt holes, end bells and shaft outs Other Seals to Consider A threaded pipe plug at the rear of the motor is designed to allow the housing to be sealed after the motor connections have been made; this plug is also fitted with an O-ring seal. Modifications to components such as: brush cards for dc motors commutator and sensor circuitry for brushless motors MTT Technical Services

Additional life-extending features include: double insulation potted laminations fittings for pressurization MTT Technical Services

water proofing summary
Protecting motors and drives from a wet environment must consider the complete environment around the motion components: Water pressure Water temperature Water corrosiveness salt water cleaning solutions other Temperature and pressure changes Other threats such as radiation And lets not forget protecting the environment from the motor; motor fluids and motor self generated particulate contaminants. MTT Technical Services

selected application examples

Food production MTT Technical Services

Food Production Example: Motor and Gearbox Failure
Standard Servo Motors and Food Grade Motors fail in as little as 4 weeks in wash-down areas. Stainless Steel motors deemed wash-down in as little as 6 months Failure Modes Ingress of moisture and cleaning agents into bearings, windings, and feedback Cable jackets degrade due to chemical reaction and high pressure wash Connectors fail due to improper specification Example courtesy of Kollmorgen

Food Production Example: SOLUTION TO Motor and Gearbox Failure
316L Stainless Steel Durable cable Jacket (2-12pH, 1450 PSI) Vented Cable – Pressure Equalization One Cable No connectors or if needed IP69K Easier to clean – adds to durability 2 Year Warranty Against Ingress Drives are usually located in a cabinet remote from the washdown area and don’t require individual protection. Example courtesy of Kollmorgen MTT Technical Services

Food Processing Motors and Cleanability
Gearboxes Motors Pneumatic Components HMIs Sensors Belts Conveyors Hydraulic Q33: Rate each of these machine components on ease of cleaning 79% said motors are a problem to clean Q34: How concerned are you that these peripheral components listed in question 33 are possible sources of pathogenic contamination? 95% at least somewhat concerned Nook, crannies, external hardware, rough surfaces, cables, nameplates

Hygienic components Design purchased components to be “cleanable” just as important as functionality for overall hygienic machinery design

Engineering in Customer value
How did we get from this… AKM Servo …to this? AKMH Servo 100+ end user visits globally Durable enough to be cleaned – 2-12pH, 1450 psi spray Smooth 32µ surface finish, including nameplate No external hardware No metal to metal seams No nooks and crannies One cable rather than two

bill sutton of kollmorgen provided the food processing application example. Protecting the motor and drive from water contamination is just part of the challenge. Let’s have bill talk about the challenges of cleaning automated food production machinery MTT Technical Services

submerged cutting tool for nuclear fuel rods for US submarines
Application courtesy of Empire Magnetics submerged cutting tool for nuclear fuel rods for US submarines MTT Technical Services

Submerged nuclear fuel rod saw

Motor and gearbox submerged in 30 feet of water for life. Stainless Steel 316 Placed in de-ionized water and became toxically contaminated with radiation and could never be handled by people or removed from the water. Oil filled and pressure compensated. Special radiation resistant oil. Seals had to be water proof and radiation hardened. Special cables. It took the Navy 4 years to qualify the motor. Perhaps one of the most expensive motor/gearbox devices ever built. MTT Technical Services

Handles for Robotic Lifters Stainless Steel 316 Motor Gearbox Special Seals Special Cables MTT Technical Services

Significant contribution by Rick Halstead of Empire Magnetics
deep sea challenges MTT Technical Services

Deep Sea challenges Deep sea is a forbidding place in which to launch a motion control application. Very cold temperatures, the corrosive effects of sea water and extremely high pressures (as much as 5,000 p.s.i. at 11,600 feet below the surface) combine to create an environment in which off-the-shelf components will quickly fail. You must prevent water entry to the motor and at significant depths the best way is to create a pressure inside the motor slightly higher (a few psi at most) than the outside to prevent water coming in. Filling the motor with hydraulic fluid, a fluid that cannot be compressed and whose thermal properties assure it is still a liquid at high pressures and low temperatures. MTT Technical Services

Deep Sea Challenges You must assure that motor materials are resistant to corrosion You must make allowances for material shrinkage (O- rings and other elastomeric m1aterials compress in the depths) You also have to prevent water entry into electrical cables And if the undersea vehicle or instrument is controlled by a floating control ship, you must account for power losses that occur over the. umbilical cable from the ship that could be thousands of feet long. MTT Technical Services

Application Example: Deep Sea exploration submarine
Kollmorgen Application Example Application Example: Deep Sea exploration submarine MTT Technical Services

deep sea exploration submarine
A customer of Kollmorgen’s has developed a deep diving submarine to explore both the geological features and living organisms deep in the oceans. Depths of over 15000’ can be attained. The submarine is controlled by vertical thrusters and horizontal propellers, propelled by Kollmorgen Motors. Natl Geo Artist Rendering of Generic Exploration Submarine

deep sea exploration submarine
While the electromagnetic components inside the motor are standard to Kollmorgen’s standard Gold Line servo motors, significant changes to all external and interface components have to be made to accommodate intense pressures and very low temperatures deep in the ocean. Because the sub is manned, standard servo drives are used and located within the cabin. Unmanned underwater vehicles, AUVs, often employ specially designed motor controls to save on space and are protected inside a 1 atmosphere controlled container. MTT Technical Services

Kollmorgen submersible servo motors: deep sea protection
Special Seacon Connectors (Material Choices: Titanium, 17-4 PH, Nitronic 50, Inconel®) Pressure Compensated. Connective joints are minimized- special tubing, oil filled?. Pressure Compensated Oil Filled Interior Magnets on Rotor are Buried to Reduce Viscous Drag in Oil Filled Interior Stainless Steel 316 Housing Special Double Ceramic Seals Option to eliminate connectors often the weak link in water challenged devices. MTT Technical Services

presentation conclusions

presentation conclusions
Water, electric motors and drive electronics just don’t mix. Successfully implementing a motion solution in a challenging wet environment requires a full review of all aspects of the application. Standard protection ratings are available but only as a guideline. Each application needs to be carefully understood with solutions that match conditions. Truly water proofed motors and drives most likely will require some custom aspect to the system.

100 Years of Enabling Innovators to Make the World a Better Place
Carnegie Mellon CHIMP Abiomed Mechanical Heart Segway Human Transporter KUKA Robotics Jason Jr….Titanic Discovery

World’s leading provider of high-precision drives and systems.
Robust DC Motor Designs for Extreme Operating Conditions ▪ High performance ▪ Long service life ▪ Compact ▪ Unsurpassed reliability ▪ Plus Electronics Call on us to assist in selecting the right drive for your application.

Thank you! Please be sure to complete the feedback survey
Thank you for attending today’s Design News Editorial Event: Overcoming the Challenges of Motors and Drives Operating in Demanding Wet Environments 72

extras Major Contributors to the Presentation IP Ratings Table
Knowledgeable Sources extras MTT Technical Services

Major contributors Rick Halstead, President, Empire Magnetics, Rohnert Park, CA, provided significant content and application example support. Bill Sutton, Kollmorgen provided important information for the food production application. Randy Miller, Kollmorgen provided important information for the deep sea exploration submarine example. MTT Technical Services

IP Ratings The Following is a Good Summary of IP Ratings
Source: Anaheim Automation IP Ratings MTT Technical Services

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level IP sL Liquid Protected Against….. Effect against x0 Not protected – X1 Dripping water Dripping water (vertically falling drops) shall have no harmfull effect. X2 Dripping water when tilted up to 15° Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure is tilted at an angle up to 15° from its normal position. X3 Spraying water Water falling as a spray at any angle up to 60° from the vertical shall have no harmful effect. X4 Splashing water Water splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect. X5 Water jets Water projected by a nozzle (6.3mm) against enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. MTT Technical Services

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level IP sL Protected Against….. Effect against X6 Powerful water jets Water projected in powerful jets (12.5mm nozzle) against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. X7 Immersion up to 1m Ingress of water in harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is immersed in water under defined conditions of pressure and time (up to 1 m of submersion). X8 Immersion beyond 1m The equipment is suitable for continuous immersion in water under conditions which shall be specified by the manufacturer. Normally, this will mean that the equipment is hermetically sealed. However, with certain types of equipment, it can mean that water can enter but only in such a manner that it produces no harmful effects. x9k Hot, high pressure water or steam. Water intrusion tested as follows: place the product on a turntable that rotates every 12 seconds (5 rpm); spray 176 F water from 4-6 in. floiwingat 4 gal per minute. Water pressure psi and is sprayed at angles of 0, 30, 60, and 90 deg for 30 seconds each. MTT Technical Services

ip ratings The Following Adds Test Details to the IP Ratings
Source: ip ratings

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level Protection against Effective against Details X0 None — X1 Dripping water Dripping water (vertically falling drops) shall have no harmful effect on the specimen when mounted in an upright position onto a turntable and rotated at 1 RPM. Test duration: 10 minutes Water equivalent to 1 mm rainfall per minute X2 Dripping water when tilted at 15° Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure is tilted at an angle of 15° from its normal position. A total of four positions are tested within two axes. Test duration: 2.5 minutes for every direction of tilt (10 minutes total) Water equivalent to 3 mm rainfall per minute X3 Spraying water Water falling as a spray at any angle up to 60° from the vertical shall have no harmful effect, utilizing either: a) an oscillating fixture, or b) A spray nozzle with a counterbalanced shield. Test a) is conducted for 5 minutes, then repeated with the the specimen tilted 90° for the second 5 minute test. Test b) is conducted (with shield in place) for 5 minutes minimum. For a Spray Nozzle: Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 5 minutes[2] Water volume: 10 litres per minute Pressure: 50–150 kPa For an oscillating tube: Test duration: 10 minutes Water Volume: 0.07 l/min per hole

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where X = solid level and L = liquid level Level Protection against Effective against Details x4 Splashing of water Water splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect, utilizing either: a) an oscillating fixture, or b) A spray nozzle with no shield. Test a) is conducted for 10 minutes. Test b) is conducted (without shield) for 5 minutes minimum. Oscillating tube: Test duration: 10 minutes, or spray nozzle (same as IPX3 spray nozzle with the shield removed) x5 Water jets Water projected by a nozzle (6.3 mm) against enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 3 minutes Water volume: 12.5 litres per minute Pressure: 30 kPa at distance of 3 m MTT Technical Services

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level Protection against Effective against Details x6 Powerful water jets Water projected in powerful jets (12.5 mm nozzle) against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 3 minutes Water volume: 100 litres per minute Pressure: 100 kPa at distance of 3 m x6K Powerful water jets with increased pressure Water projected in powerful jets (6.3 mm nozzle) against the enclosure from any direction, under elevated pressure, shall have no harmful effects. Found in DIN 40050, and not IEC Test duration: at least 3 minutes Water volume: 75 litres per minute Pressure: 1000 kPa at distance of 3 m MTT Technical Services

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level Protection against Effective against Details x7 Immersion, up to 1 m depth Ingress of water in harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is immersed in water under defined conditions of pressure and time (up to 1 m of submersion). Test duration: 30 minutes Tested with the lowest point of the enclosure 1000 mm below the surface of the water, or the highest point 150 mm below the surface, whichever is deeper. x8 Immersion, 1 m or more depth The equipment is suitable for continuous immersion in water under conditions which shall be specified by the manufacturer. However, with certain types of equipment, it can mean that water can enter but only in such a manner that it produces no harmful effects. The test depth and/or duration is expected to be greater than the requirements for IPx7, and other environmental effects may be added, such as temperature cycling before immersion. Test duration: Agreement with Manufacturer Depth specified by manufacturer, generally up to 3 m MTT Technical Services

Protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water. IP xL where x = solid level and L = liquid level Level Protection against Effective against Details 9K Powerful high temperature water jets Protected against close-range high pressure, high temperature spray downs. Smaller specimens rotate slowly on a turntable, from 4 specific angles. Larger specimens are mounted upright, no turntable required, and are tested freehand for at least 3 minutes at distance of 0.15–0.2 m. There are specific requirements for the nozzle used for the testing. This test is identified as IPx9 in IEC Test duration: 30 seconds in each of 4 angles (2 minutes total) Water volume: 14–16 litres per minute Pressure: 8–10 MPa (80–100 bar) at distance of 0.10–0.15 m Water temperature: 80 °C MTT Technical Services

nema enclosure ratings
National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved by NEMA Enclosures Section 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 November 2005 nema enclosure ratings MTT Technical Services

Definitions NEMA The following definitions for enclosure protection are for non-hazardous locations, the specific enclosure Types, their applications, and the environmental conditions they are designed to protect against, when completely and properly installed, are as follows: MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 1 Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts and to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt). Type 2 Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); and to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing). Type 3 Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 3R Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 3S Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); and for which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden. MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 3X Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 3RX Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 3SX Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion; and for which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden. Type 4 Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow, splashing water, and hose directed water); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 4X Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow, splashing water, and hose directed water); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 5 Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and settling airborne dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing). MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 6 Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 6P Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 12 Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing). Type 12K Enclosures constructed (with knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing). MTT Technical Services

NEMA Type 13 Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing); and to provide a degree of protection against the spraying, splashing, and seepage of oil and non-corrosive coolants. MTT Technical Services

Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Our panelists Speakers: Moderator:"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback