1. PROTEINS
and ENZYMES!

2. Students will fill in last nights notes from this slide
Proteins are organic molecules that form muscles, transport O2 (hemoglobin), and act as hormones and enzymes. Most importantly, proteins determine how our bodies look and function. Their building block is the amino acid. Proteins are made of amino acids linked by a peptide bond. When groups of amino acids are joined together, a protein is formed.

3. Proteins are Polypeptides (polymers)
Produced: In the ribosomes through the process of protein synthesis
Monomer: Amino Acids (20 total) (assembled together based on DNA instructions and connected by a peptide bond)
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Nitrogen (CHON)

4. the Polymer of a protein is a polypeptide.
Carboxyl Group
Amine Group
What Functional Groups do you see?

5. You recognize a protein structure by looking for NH2 (Amine Group) on one side and COOH (Carboxyl Group) on the other side

6. 4 Levels of Protein Structures Primary – The Amino Acid sequence
1. Assembly

7. Protein Structures 2. Folding
Secondary – Characteristic structures - folds as alpha helix and pleated sheet

8. Protein Structures 3. Packing
Tertiary – Three dimensional structure; folded and coiled – now functional

9. Protein Structures 4. Interaction
Quaternary – Three dimensional structure composed of multiple subunits; more than 1 folded

10. Examples you should know well!
Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
Hemoglobin – carries oxygen in the blood
Insulin – controls blood sugar
Keratin & Collagen – structure & support
Muscles – contraction
Channel Proteins – transport
Antibodies – defense against pathogens (bad things)
Proteins are the body’s BUILDERS! That is the main function of any protein, to BUILD.

11. Proteins can be found in:
Meats
Eggs
Eye color
Hair
Skin
YOU!

12. Denature – unfolding or unbending of a protein
Caused by a temperature or pH change
EX: Cooking an egg = denaturing by
applying heat

13. Characteristics
Composed of C, H, N, O andsometimes S • Help organisms form structural components • Carry out all cellular reactions • Function based on 3-dimensional shape • Made of amino acid subunits (smaller repeating parts) • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

14. *To earn 25 points on last nights homework, you have to create 3 Questions and summarize the protein notes on your paper from last night. I will be checking tomorrow!!!