1. Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

2. Development: A Definition
The orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to death.

3. The Major Concerns of Science
1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

4. Major Domains of Development
1. Physical
2. Cognitive
3. Emotional -social

6. The Processes of Development
1. Growth
2. Maturation
3. Learning

7. Context of Development
ECOLOGICAL APPROACH (Bronfenbrenner)
1. Microsystem
2. Mesosystem
3. Exosystem
4. Macrosystem

9. Timing of Developmental Events
Normative Age-graded Influences
Normative History-graded Influences
Non-normative Life Events

11. Cultural Variability Culture: Social heritage of a people.
Learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting transmitted from one generation to the next.

12. Changing Conceptions of Age
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age

14. Connecting Historical “Areas of Concern”
Turn of the 20th Century
The 1950’s and 1960’s
Contemporary Issues
Back to the Future

15. The Nature of Developmental Research

16. The Scientific Method Select a researchable problem
Formulate a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
Draw conclusions about the hypothesis
Make the findings of the study available to the scientific community

17. Research: Longitudinal Method
Scientists study the SAME individuals at different points in their lives.

18. Cross-Sectional Method
Investigates development by simultaneously comparing DIFFERENT groups of persons varying in age.

19. Sequential Methods
Measuring more than one cohort over time.

21. Experimental Method
Experiment: Study in which the investigator manipulates one or more variables and measures the resulting changes in the other variables to attempt to determine the cause of a specific behavior

22. Experimental Method Independent Variable Extraneous Variables
Experimental Group
Control Group
Dependent Variable
Limitations

24. Case-Study Method
The accumulation of developmental information of a single individual.

25. Social Survey Method
Researchers ask questions to a sample of individuals who are representative of the population of individuals likely to be affected
Random sampling

26. Naturalistic Observation
Researchers intensively watch and record behavior as it occurs.
Modifications:
a. Time Sampling
b. Event Sampling

27. Cross-Cultural Studies
Researchers compare data from two or more societies and cultures.

28. Research Analysis

29. Correlational Analysis
Degree to which two or more behaviors are associated with each other
Does not prove causation
Can be used for predictive purposes

30. Correlation Coefficient
Numerical expression of the degree or extent of relationship between two variables or conditions.

32. Ethical Standards for Human Development Research
Respect and concern for the dignity and welfare of participants
Informed consent
Right to privacy