1. Marking Period 2 Quarterly Exam Review
Mrs. Tokmajian
Cell Transport, Homeostasis, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Mitosis

2. Cell Membrane
Label the following parts of the cell membrane pictured below: hydrophilic (attracted to water) heads, hydrophobic (repelled by water) tails, membrane transport protein.
Hydrophilic head (polar)
Hydrophobic tails (nonpolar)
Membrane Transport Protein

3. Cell Membrane
Explain why the heads and tails either face the watery environments or repel it. How does this help the cell?
The heads are polar and are attracted to water so they face it (outside and in)
The tails are nonpolar and repel water so they turn against it.
This allows the cell membrane to be semi-permeable, allowing the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

4. Cell Membrane Why do we call the cell membrane a fluid mosaic model?
The cell membrane is fluid like because the parts that are in it move like a fluid.
It is a mosaic because it has many pieces to it, like a mosaic tile piece of art.

5. Cell Transport Passive Transport Active Transport Conc. Gradient
High to Low
Low to High
Requires ATP No
Yes
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Sodium Potassium Pump

6. Cell Transport Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide
Give an example of a molecule or gas that could easily diffuse into or out of a cell. Show a simple picture of diffusion of food coloring in a beaker of water.
Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide

7. Cell Transport
Below is a picture of plant cells in either an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic state. Circle the name of the state of osmosis for each cell, and circle the description as to why the water is moving in the direction it is moving in.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the cell.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the cell than its surrounding environment.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the cell.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the cell than its surrounding environment.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the cell.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the cell than its surrounding environment.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding environment than there was inside the cell.

8. Cell Transport
What is the same about facilitated diffusion and the sodium potassium pump? What is different?
Same: Both forms of transport use a protein to move substances across the cell membrane.
Different: Facilitated Diffusion is passive transport, the Sodium Potassium Pump is active transport.

9. Cell Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Form of active transport Yes
Uses a vesicle
Removes large waste molecules to maintain homeostasis No
Takes in nutrients to maintain homeostasis
Helps a cell to maintain homeostasis

10. Honors 3 differences between active and passive transport.
Passive = no ATP, Active = yes needs ATP
Passive = high to low, Active = low to hgh
Passive = diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, Active = endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium potassium pump

11. Cell Transport
Where are membrane protein receptors found and how do they help with cell transport?
They are found in the cell membrane.
A receptor is a protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response. They move needed molecules into a cell.

12. Homeostasis What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is when an organism is able to maintain a stable internal environment even when external conditions change.

13. Homeostasis
How does our body maintain homeostasis when our body temperature is too hot?
We sweat, this is called thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is maintaining your proper temperature. This is a negative feedback loop. If we are too hot, our cells will not function properly.

14. Homeostasis
How does our body maintain homeostasis when our body temperature is too cold?
We shiver. Hypothermia is when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it. Our muscle cells shiver to try and create more heat to warm us up.

15. Cell Energy
What is the purpose of photosynthesis? What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
The purpose of photosynthesis is for autotrophic organisms to transform light energy into chemical energy (glucose). Synthesizing food molecules.
The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplast.

16. Cell Energy
What are the energy changes/transformations that happen in photosynthesis?
Light to Chemical Energy

17. Cell Energy
Explain the difference between the light dependent reaction and light independent reaction. Where does each reaction take place?
The light dependent reaction takes place in the thylakoid and uses the light to split water and make ATP.
The light independent reaction takes place in the stroma and uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ATP from the previous reaction to make the chemical energy (glucose).

18. Honors What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity
CO2 levels
Temperature

19. Cell Energy
What is the purpose of cellular respiration? What organelle is responsible for producing the energy in cellular respiration?
The purpose of cellular respiration is to change chemical energy (glucose) into useable energy (ATP) for cellular work/activities.
The mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration.

20. Cell Energy
What are the energy changes/transformations that happen in cellular respiration?
Chemical Energy (glucose) to Chemical Energy (ATP).

21. Cell Energy What is ATP used for in living things?
ATP is adenosine triphosphate, it is an energy carrier in living things.
It is used by cells so that cells do their “work”

22. Cell Energy
Draw a diagram showing how energy is released from an ATP molecule when we “use” energy

23. Cell Energy
Draw a diagram showing how energy is stored when ADP is converted into ATP.

24. Cell Energy What types of cells go through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes & Some Eukaryotes (Plants)

25. Cell Energy What types of cells go through cellular respiration?
All living things go through cellular respiration (Both Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes).

26. Cell Energy
What are the inputs of photosynthesis? The outputs?

27. Cell Energy
What are the inputs of cellular respiration? The outputs?

28. Cell Energy
Refer to your previous two answers: How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle?

29. Cell Energy
What is similar about the energy transfers in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Both processes store energy in chemical bonds.

30. Honors
What are the 2 forms of anaerobic respiration that we learned about and what are the products of each?
Lactic Acid Fermentation: lactic acid and 2 ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation: ethyl alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP.

31. Mitosis What does G1 stand for, what happens to a cell in G1? Gap One
The cell grows, replicates its organelles.

32. Mitosis What does S stand for, what happens to a cell in S? Synthesis
DNA is replicated (copied)

33. Mitosis What does G2 stand for, what happens to a cell in G2? Gap Two
The cell grows more and goes through a final checkpoint.

34. Mitosis
What three parts make up Interphase?
Gap One
Synthesis
Gap Two

35. Mitosis What does M stand for, what happens to a cell in M? Mitosis
The contents of the nucleus divide in 4 phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). PMAT

36. Mitosis
What is the second part of the M phase before a cell goes back into Interphase?
Cytokinesis

37. Mitosis
Why are there 2 genetically identical cells drawn after cytokinesis?
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical cells.

38. Mitosis Why does cytokinesis need to happen?
Because the cell would be too large if it didn’t split and there would be one cell with 2 nuclei and too many chromosomes.

39. Mitosis
If the original somatic cell had 36 chromosomes in it, how many chromosomes would be in the resulting somatic cells? Draw a picture to show this. 36 36 36 36