1. “Structure” and “Function” Six Psychological Perspectives
Learning Plan 2

2. Competancy
Outline the history of structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis
Summarize the following six psychological perspectives: psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biopsychological, and sociocultural
Compare and contrast the six perspectives

3. Overview Intro/Imagine Activity Greek philosopher images
Psychology taken from ancient Greek
“Study of the mind”
Psyche= mind/soul
Logos (ology)= study of

4. Ancient Greeks
Credited with origins of science in Western Civilization
Classical period (500 BCE) peak of Greek culture
World’s first democratic government
Great minds of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

5. Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Edward B. Titchner Constitutional Parts
Fundamental structures of the mind
Only normal adult mind
Weaknesses- excluded aspects that do not fit
Does not address psychopathology
Behavior should not be a part of psychology
Brought experimental psychology to US
Core Context of Meaning Theory

6. Functionalism William James
Physiological perspective based on experimentation
Founded first psychology lab in US
Emotions, behavior, and consciousness are physiology phenomena
Individual differences/unique perspectives
Mind/body one interacting entity
Taught first psychology course in US

7. Psychoanalytical Perspective
Philosophy vs. science until turn of 19th century
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic- id, ego, superego, unconscious mind, past creates the present, address unconscious to solve problems, dreams “royal road to the unconscious”
Psychosexual stages of development
oral stage (approx. birth to 19 months)
anal stage (approx. 18 months to 4 yrs)
phallic stage (approx. 4 to 7 yrs)
latent stage (approx. 7 yrs to puberty)
genital stage (puberty)

8. Psychoanalytic Continued
Carl Jung
Collective unconscious, déjà vu, near-death experiences
Influences on are and other therapies
Alfred Adler
More hopeful, focus on family influence, social reform, individual psychology, social and holistic psychology, birth order
Erik Erikson
8 Stages of Man- psychosocial and full lifespan
Karen Horney
Theory of neurosis, coping strategies- compliance, aggression, and withdrawal

9. Behavioral Perspective
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning--- Bells and Dogs
John Watson
Explain behavior without inner consciousness and nonphysical . Focus purely on observable behaviors.
Broken into stimulus and response
Focus on experimentation
Free will is an illusion- process of reinforcement
Operant conditioning- rewards and punishment

10. Biopsychological Perspective
Physiological causes of behavior, feelings, and mental processes
How biology of electrical impulses and chemicals effect human development, learning, performance, perceptions, and emotions
Adolf Meyer
How mind and body affects each other

11. Cognitive Perspective
Term coined in Ulric Neisser
Focus on scientific method in the collection of information
Studies consciousness, learning, and memory
Acknowledges internal states- desire and motivation
Computer age

12. Humanistic Perspective
1950s- response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis
Third Force
Existential theory base
Have free will
Positive perspective
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May
European existential philosophy influence
Phenomenology/client-centered therapy
Qualitative not quantitative
Actualizing tendency- feelings of incongruity

13. Sociocultural Perspective
Most recent
Social norms, rules, and roles
Cultural rules and values
Explore interactions with the surroundings
Shame in children
Theorists Alfred Bandura and L. Vygostky

14. Suggested Reading http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/aupr/social.shtml
palmer.htmhttp:// disorders-palmer.htm

15. Homework History of Psychology Timeline- Due January 24
Readings: Lesson Plan 3 and supplemental readings
Readings: Lesson Plan 4 and supplemental readings
Assignments: Discussion 3.1 or Discussion 4.1