1. Chapter 4
By:
Sabiha Saleem

2. Simple Present tense vs continuous present tense

3. Simple Present Used to show that an action is repeated
past present future
Ex. I walk to school.
Ex. Jane likes to play soccer.
Ex. We want to play baseball.
***Remember*** Verb + “s” or “es”

4. Present Continuous Used to show that an action is happening now
past present future
Ex. I am walking to school.
Ex. They are swimming.
Ex. I am eating ice-cream.
***Remember*** am/is/are + Verb + “ing”

5. USE PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TEMPORARY STATES, EXCEPTION TO THE RULE ACTIONS
e.g. I am working for a software company this month.
2. AN ACTION, A PHENOMENON IN CHANGE
e.g. Pollution is growing bigger and bigger.
3. ACTIONS HAPPENING IN THE MOMENT OF SPEECH
e.g. Do you mind, I am talking on the phone now!
4. ARRANGED, PLANNED ACTIONS
e.g. I am meeting the director today.
1. PERMANENT STATES, ROUTINE ACTIONS e.g. He works in a software company. 2. GENERAL TRUTH e.g. The sun rises in the east. 3. TIMETABLES, HABITS e.g. We start work at 9 every day. !!!!ANNOYING HABIT→PRESENT CONTINUOUS e.g. You are always interrupting me. 4. SPORTS COMMENTS, INDICATIONS e.g. Hill passes the ball to Dawson. So, ladies, now you mix everything and beat hard.

6. STRUCTURE
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The Infinitive form of the verb for most persons, with the exception of 3rd person singular. I work, you work, we work, they work. The Infinitive + -s for 3rd person singular He, she, it sleeps.
2 elements: auxiliary verb TO BE + verb + -ing I am working You are working He (she, it) is working We are working They are working

7. NEGATIVE FORM
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Auxiliary verb (DO, DOES) in the negative + verb I don’t (do not) work. He (she, it) doesn’t (does not) sleep.
Negative form of the auxiliary verb TO BE+ verb + -ing I am not working. She isn’t (is not) sleeping. They aren’t (are not) working.

8. INTERROGATIVE FORM
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Auxiliary verb (DO, DOES) + Subject + verb Do you work? Does he sleep?
Auxiliary verb TO BE + Subject + verb+ -ing Are you working today? Is she still sleeping ?

9. What tense is it and why? She is running home.
They are attacking the car.
Rob and Ellen enjoy playing soccer.
The school is closed.
The office staff is eating lunch.
I like skiing.
The printer is broken.
They are playing badminton.

10. Now you try!
To the right are several action verbs. Try making a sentence in simple present and a sentence in present continuous!
Kick
Jump
Run
Swim
Catch
Throw
Attack
Sleep
study

11. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

12. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

13. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

14. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

15. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

16. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

17. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

18. What is happening in the picture
What is happening in the picture? Use both simple present and present continuous!

19. WHAT with the two present tenses
English

20. What are you doing?
What do you study?
What do u do for a living?
What color does she like?
What are you talking about?
What are you working at?
What is he eating?

21. Forming a WH- question
WH- questions (using words such as “what”, “when”, and “where”) are also created by putting the auxiliary do before the subject. Then, you add the WH- word at the beginning. Here are some examples:
Statement Yes/no question WH- question
I sing Do I sing? What do I sing?
I study Do I study? What do I study?
You dance. Do you dance? What dance do you do?

22. IMPERATIVE FORMS OF PRESENT TENSE
The imperative is a form of the present tense. It is used to give commands and comes in very helpful if you feel like being bossy. for example:
"Clean your room!“
"Buy me some coke at the store!“
“Shut the door!”
Leave the room immediately!

23. Contd…
Notice that the pronoun "you" is omitted in the imperative in English.
It's "Clean your room!" (imperative) and not "You clean your room" (statement).
Its short and sharp…ends with an EXCLAMATORY MARK “!”

24. Polite Forms

25. Negative orders and requests

26. Suggestions with LET’S

27. Examples
Let's take a taxi Let's not wait outside Let's go for a walk Let's quit now Let's take a break Let's play basketball Let's not watch TV tonight Let's buy him a gift Let's visit a museum Let's not do anything tonight

28. Preposition “of”
Used for belonging to, relating to, or connected with:
The secret of this game is that you can’t ever win.
The highlight of the show is at the end.
The first page of the book describes the author’s profile.
Don’t touch it. That’s the bag of my friend’s sister.
I always dreamed of being rich and famous.

29. Used to indicate reference:
I got married in the summer of 2000.
This is a picture of my family.
I got a discount of 10 percent on the purchase.

30. Used to indicate an amount or number: I drank three cups of milk.
A large number of people gathered to protest.
I had only four hours of sleep during the last two days.
He got a perfect score of 5 on his writing assignment.

31. Choose the correct preposition in each sentence.
1) I slept                      (of, to, for) only two hours last night. 2) It was my first trip                      (of, to, for) Hawaii. 3) Turn off the TV and go straight                      (of, to, for) bed. 4) This book was written                      (of, to, for) the people who want to learn how to play a guitar. 5) I was late                      (of, to, for) school. 6) Spencer is one                      (of, to, for) my best friends.