1. Thomas Spratt and Brandon Kam
Standard 2 Objective 3
Thomas Spratt and Brandon Kam

2. Terms Associated With location of common sports injuries
Superior / Inferior
Anterior / Posterior
Medial / Lateral
Distal / Proximal
Superficial / Deep
Ventral / Dorsal
Prone / Supine
Unilateral / Bilateral

3. Superior – Above the waist Inferior – Below the Waist
Definitions
Superior – Above the waist
Inferior – Below the Waist
Anterior – Front Side of your body
Posterior – Back side of your body
Medial - The Middle of your body
Lateral – The outer part of the body

5. Definitions
Distal – Away from the middle of the body or point of attachment
Proximal – Closer to the center of the body to the point of attachment
Superficial – On the skin or just beneath it
Deep – Away from the surface and deep beneath the skin
Ventral – On the abdomen
Dorsal – On the back
Prone – When the body is laying face down

7. Definitions
Supine – Body Laying Face up
Unilateral – One side of the body
Bilateral - Right and Left sides of the body

8. Movements of the body Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
Adduction / Abduction
Pronation / Supination
Retraction / Protraction
Elevation / Depression
Rotation / Circumduction
External Rotation / Internal Rotation
Later Flexion

9. Definitions Flexion – The bending of a limb or joint
Extension – Straightening of a limb or joint
Hyper Extension – Over extension of a limb or joint
Adduction – Movement towards body’s midline
Abduction – Movement away from the body’s midline
Pronation – Rotation of the arm or leg inward
Supination – Rotation of the arm or leg outward

10. Definitions
Retraction – Movement in the posterior direction
Protraction – Movement in the anterior direction
Elevation – Upward movement of the body
Depression – Downward movement of the body
Rotation – Movement in which a something pivots or revolves around a single axis
Circumduction - movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

11. Definitions
External Rotation - rotation away from the center of the body.
Internal Rotation - rotation towards the axis of the body.
Lateral Flexion - bending the torso sideways
Inversion - To turn inward
Dorsiflexion - decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg

12. Plantarflexion - movement which decreases the angle between the sole of the foot and the back of the leg.
Pronation - rotation of the medial bones in the midtarsal region of the foot inward and downward so that in walking the foot tends to come down on its inner margin.
Supination - a corresponding movement of the foot and leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch
Radial Deviation - the movement of bending the wrist to the thumb, or radial bone, side
Ulnar Deviation - the movement of bending the wrist to the little finger, or ulnar bone, side
Opposition - thumb swings so that it comes “face to face” with one or another of the fingers, as in grasping a needle or a ball