1. BODY ORGANIZATION
JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2. Body Cavities
Dorsal
Back
Cranial
Brain
Spinal
Spinal cord

3. Body Cavities
Ventral
-Front
1.Thoracic
2.Abdominal
3.Pelvic

4. Cavities VENTRAL Front 1. Thoracic cavity
Heart, lungs, aorta, trachea, and esophagus
Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

5. Cavities VENTRAL Front 2. Abdominal cavity
Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, and ureters

6. Cavities VENTRAL Front 3. Pelvic cavity
Reproductive and urinary organs
Excluding kidneys and ureters

7. Directional Terminology
Anatomical position
Always orient to this standard
Standing erect
Arms at side
Head forward
Palms forward
Feet facing forward

8. Directional Terms Superior or cranial Inferior or caudal
Anterior or ventral
Posterior or dorsal
Medial
Lateral

9. Directional Terms Superior or cranial Inferior or caudal
Anterior or ventral
Posterior or dorsal
Medial
Lateral

10. Directional Terms Plantar-sole of the foot
Dorsum-upper portion of the foot
Peripheral-away from the center
Supine-lying on the back, face up
Prone-lying on the abdomen, face down

11. Direction of Movement Abduction- movement away from midline
Adduction- movement toward the midline

12. Direction of Movement Flexion- to bend at a joint
Extension- to straighten at a joint

13. Direction of Movement Medial Rotation- to turn inward
Lateral Rotation- to turn outward

14. Direction of Movement
Supination- rotating the forearm with palm facing forward
Pronation- rotating the forearm with the palm facing backward

15. Abdominopelvic Regions
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar

16. Abdominopelvic Regions
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac

17. Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Right upper quadrant – RUQ
Right lower quadrant – RLQ
Left upper quadrant – LUQ
Left lower quadrant - LLQ

18. Planes Sagittal Right and left sides 1.Median (midsagittal)
Sections and planes for internal anatomy
Sagittal
Right and left sides
1.Median
(midsagittal)
2.Parasagittal

19. Planes Frontal Coronal – anterior and posterior
Sections and planes for internal anatomy
Frontal
Coronal – anterior and posterior

20. Planes Transverse Horizontal – superior and inferior Cross-section
Sections and planes for internal anatomy
Transverse
Horizontal – superior and inferior
Cross-section

21. Positions Supine Prone Patient lies on his back Patient lies face down
Used for special procedures
Supine
Patient lies on his back
Prone
Patient lies face down

22. Positions Right Lateral Recumbent/Decubitus
Used for special procedures
Right Lateral Recumbent/Decubitus
Patient lies on his right side
Left Lateral Recumbent/Decubitus
Patient lies on his left side

23. Positions Fowler’s Trendelenberg
Used for special procedures
Fowler’s
Patient is sitting with legs bent or straight
Trendelenberg
Patient lies supine with his head lower than his feet

24. Positions
Used for special procedures
Lithotomy
Patient is on his back with the legs and thighs flexed and abducted

25. Additional Roots Anter/o front Caud/o tail Dors/o back
Infer/o inferior
Inguin/o groin
Medi/o middle

26. Roots Phren/o diaphragm Poster/o posterior Proxim/o near
Super/o superior
Ventr/o front

27. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!