1. Robert W. Frantum-Allen PDU March 1, 2012 Session Four
Specialized instruction in Written Expression: The challenges of Learning to Write
Robert W. Frantum-Allen PDU March 1, 2012 Session Four

2. Schedule March 1- Spelling- 900 Grant Glassroom
March 22- Spelling 900 Grant 108 ab
April 12- Grammar 900 Grant 108 ab
April 19- Grammar 900 Grant Glassroom
May 3- Composition 900 Grant 108 ab
May 10- Composition 900 Grant 108 ab
May 17- Composition 900 Grant Glassroom
May 24- Final PDU review- Maybe Laura’s community rooms

3. Objectives 5 Principles for understanding English Spelling
We spell by phoneme- grapheme correspondences
We spell by position of a phoneme

4. We spell by phoneme/grapheme correspondence

5. Phoneme/Grapheme Grapheme Graph= write; -eme = unit of structure
Written form of a sound
Phoneme
Phono= sound; -eme = unit of structure
distinctive sounds

6. Phoneme/Grapheme Mapping

7. Phoneme/Grapheme Cardser
/er/ her

8. We spell by position of a phoneme- Consonants

9. Most phonemes are regular but some …
Are spelled by …
Where the phoneme is placed
What other sound comes before or after it
beginning
middle
end

10. spell chess stiff jazz FOSS Rule
We often double F, L,S and Z at the end of one-syllable words with a short stressed vowel
spell
chess
stiff
jazz

11. FOSS Rule
Why don’t we double these words
gas
gel
his
base

12. fun half puff cough graph phone
Which /f/ spelling do we use when we hear /f/ in a word?
Discovery f, ff, ph, gh
Single letter F when you hear it at the beginning of a word. Never FF or GH
Fan
Fun
FF after a stressed short vowel
Cliff
Staff
fun
half
puff
cough
graph
phone
GH is only used in words of Anglo Saxon origin and is only in a handful of words as a part of the ough grapheme
PH is only used in words of Greek origin and can be in any position

13. coat kettle deck catch sneak pick
Which /k/ spelling do we use when we hear /k/ in a word?
Discovery c, k, ck
We use the letter k for /k/ before letter e, I and y, after low vowel, diphthong or vowel team or when it is part of VCe pattern
coat
kettle
deck
catch
sneak
pick
We use the letter c for /k/before letter a, o and u
We the letters ck for /k/ after an accented short vowel

14. kayak koala kangaroo flak
/k/- c, k, ck
Why don’t these words follow the rule?
kayak
koala
kangaroo
flak

15. nice cent sorry sat /s/ S or C
Which /s/ spelling do we use when we hear /s/ in a word?
/s/ S or C
nice
cent
sorry
sat
/s/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a C
/s/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a S

16. French Cello Ciao /s/ S or C
Words that use the C to represent the /s/ sound come from what language of origin?
French
Why don’t these words follow the rule?
Cello
Ciao

17. gent joke gym job /j/ J or G
Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word?
/j/ J or G
gent
joke
gym
job
/j/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a G
/j/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a J

18. /s/ S or C
Words that use the G to represent the /j/ sound come from what language of origin?
French

19. finger mink angst hunk angle
Which /ng/ spelling do we use when we hear /ng/ in a word?
/ng/ N or NG
finger
mink
angst
hunk
angle
/ng/ before a /k/ or /g/ sounds is spelled with an N
/ng/ when alone at the end of a word is spelled with NG

20. launch catch pitch starch munch
Which /ch/ spelling do we use when we hear /ch/ in a word?
/ch/ CH or TCH
launch
catch
pitch
starch
munch
We use tch at the end of an accented short vowel
Ch occurs after a long vowel, diphthongs or consonants

21. much such rich which /ch/ CH or TCH
Why don’t these words follow the rule?
much
such
rich
which

22. know, not, reign, gnat /n/ N, KN, or GN
Which /n/ spelling do we use when we hear /n/ in a word?
/n/ N, KN, or GN
know, not, reign, gnat
We use N to spell the /n/ sound most of the time.
We use KN at the beginning of some anglo saxon words
We use GN at the beginning or end of some anglo saxon words

23. got, ghost, fatigue /g/ G, GH, GUE
Which /g/ spelling do we use when we hear /g/ in a word?
/g/ G, GH, GUE
got, ghost, fatigue
We use G to spell the /g/ sound most of the time.
We use GH at the beginning of some Anglo Saxon words
We use GUE at the end of French-derived words

24. just, fudge, village /j/ J, DGE, GE
Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word?
/j/ J, DGE, GE
just, fudge, village
We use J to spell the /j/ sound at the beginning of words. J can never be used at the end of a word.
We use DGE at the end of words after an accented short vowel.
We use GE after long vowels, diphthongs, unaccented vowels (schwa), or other consonants.

25. quick, Iraq When is Q /kw/ or /k/ When does q say /kw/ or /k/ ?
We use QU to say /kw/ in all English Words
We use Q in all foreign words.

26. We spell by position of a phoneme- Vowels

27. English words cannot end with …ai ay oi oy au aw ou ow eu ew y ue I u

28. Long Vowels: ALL Open syllables are spelling with …
a, e, i, o, u

29. Long Vowels: ALL R- Controlled vowels are spelling with …
a, e, i, o, u

30. Vowels: Optional Medial Position Long Vowel Spellingee ea
igh oa

31. Very uncommon spellingsei ie ey
eigh oe eu ui
augh