Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

CS515: Bioinformatic Algorithms

Published byHester Hopkins Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "CS515: Bioinformatic Algorithms"— Presentation transcript:

1 CS515: Bioinformatic Algorithms
A Little Bit of Biology: Part II CS515: Bioinformatic Algorithms Dr. Robert Heckendorn

2 Biology up to the 1960s What is life? Let’s catalog it!
Hey wait!.... There’s a pattern… a tree of life. It is even supported by the fossil record! Evolution can explain this. But then there has to be particulate heredity. How does that work?

3 Two Kinds of Cells: Prokaryote

4 Two Kinds of Cells: Eukaryote

5 Protein: A building block of life
Structural components Enzymes act as catalysts including processing DNA Agents of process such as signaling, transduction, transportation, motor function Struct: elastin, collagen, cytoskeletal structure enzymes: DNA replication and repair, augmenting chemical reactions, (transistor of chemistry)

6 Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA codes protein Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

7 Notes: DNA to Protein and other transformations
DNA transcription creates messenger RNA mRNA translation creates protein Reverse transcriptase allows the copying of RNA to DNA (retroviruses) RNA copying occurs in RNA viruses Information flows DNA to protein

8 The Structure of DNA: The Nucleotide
Sparknotes.com Note the numbering of the carbon atoms

9 The Structure of DNA: The Sugar Backbone
Read this direction Sparknotes.com

10 DNA Structure

11 The Structure of DNA: The Bases in Pairs
Sparknotes.com Pyrimidines Purines

12 The Structure of DNA: The Double Strand
Sparknotes.com

13 The Structure of DNA: The Double Strand
Sparknotes.com

14 DNA: Complementary Strings
5’ ATACGACTATTCCG 3’ 3’ TATGCTGATAAGGC 5’ The second string is written: CGGAATAGTCGTAT upstream downstream

15 The Structure of RNA Uracil for Thymine and hydroxyl group at 2’
Wikipedia on RNA Uracil for Thymine and hydroxyl group at 2’

16 Transcription Coding and noncoding strands
Rips the 5’ to 3’ DNA strand initiated by promoter Multiple copies can be made at once wikipedia RNA polymerase RNA

17 RNA folds on itself

18 The Structure of Protein: The Amino Acid
a carbon

19 The 20 Amino Acids

20 The 20 Amino Acids (cont’d)

21 Peptide Bond A residue is what is left of amino acid after water is discarded

22 Polypeptide Chain is a Protein
Alpha carbons can rotate in any angle!

23 Protein Folding

24 Protein Sequences …EADWMTVLYIWPRKKEVPQR… …CHARACTERISTICALLY…
labeled: ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY Missing: BJOUXZ …EADWMTVLYIWPRKKEVPQR… or …CHARACTERISTICALLY…

25 Translation tRNA = transfer RNA

26 Codon to Residue Table

27 Six ways to read an RNA/DNA string
Right to left or left to right Three positions for reading frame UCAGACCUUCUA

28 Some details of DNA to protein pathway
Prokaryotes DNA is “loose” in the cell DNA is in a single gene All DNA is used for encoding (few exceptions) Eukaryotes DNA is in nucleus DNA is in multiple chromosomes RNA is edited by splicing to eliminate noncoding introns and preserve coding exons

29 Splicing of mRNA to mature mRNA

30 Splicing of mRNA to mature mRNA

31 Noncoding DNA

32 Taxonomy From Characters

33 Taxonomy From Characters
CGGGTTAGAAGTAT Taxonomy From Characters CGGAATAGTCGTAT CGGATTAGTCGTAT CGGGTTAGTCGTAT CGGGTTAGACGTAT CGGGTTAGACGTAT

Download ppt "CS515: Bioinformatic Algorithms"

Similar presentations

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis
What organic molecule is DNA? Nucleic Acid. An organic molecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Examples: DNA ???? RNA.

What organic molecule is DNA? Nucleic Acid. An organic molecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Examples: DNA ???? RNA.
From DNA to Protein: Each gene is the information to build one protein (or polypeptide chain) that the organism needs. The first step in producing the.

From DNA to Protein: Each gene is the information to build one protein (or polypeptide chain) that the organism needs. The first step in producing the.
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.

FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.
DNA Biology Lab 11. Nucleic Acids  DNA and RNA both built of nucleotides containing Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Nitrogenous base (ATCG or AUCG) Phosphate.

DNA Biology Lab 11. Nucleic Acids  DNA and RNA both built of nucleotides containing Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Nitrogenous base (ATCG or AUCG) Phosphate.
Microbial Genetics: DNA and RNA What chemical carries the genetic instructions in cells, and how is this chemical reproduced? How is this chemical used.

Microbial Genetics: DNA and RNA What chemical carries the genetic instructions in cells, and how is this chemical reproduced? How is this chemical used.
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA vs DNA RNADNA 1. 5 – Carbon sugar (ribose) 5 – Carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA vs DNA RNADNA 1. 5 – Carbon sugar (ribose) 5 – Carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous.
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis: DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC INFORMATION TO PRODUCE PROTEINS BUT MUST FIRST BE CONVERTED TO RND TO DO SO.

Protein Synthesis: DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC INFORMATION TO PRODUCE PROTEINS BUT MUST FIRST BE CONVERTED TO RND TO DO SO.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
What is central dogma? From DNA to Protein

What is central dogma? From DNA to Protein
Gene Expression. Central Dogma Information flows from: DNA  RNA  Protein Exception: reverse transcriptase (retroviruses) RNA  DNA  RNA  Protein.

Gene Expression. Central Dogma Information flows from: DNA  RNA  Protein Exception: reverse transcriptase (retroviruses) RNA  DNA  RNA  Protein.
DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human.

DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
Introduction to Molecular Biology and Genomics BMI/CS 776 Mark Craven January 2002.

Introduction to Molecular Biology and Genomics BMI/CS 776 Mark Craven January 2002.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.
Microbial Genetics Structure and Function of Genetic Material The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Mutation: Change in Genetic Material Genetic.

Microbial Genetics Structure and Function of Genetic Material The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Mutation: Change in Genetic Material Genetic.
RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) -Contrast RNA and DNA. -Explain the process of transcription. - Differentiate between the 3 main types of RNA -Differentiate between.

RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) -Contrast RNA and DNA. -Explain the process of transcription. - Differentiate between the 3 main types of RNA -Differentiate between.
Gene Expression DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis. Gene Expression Genes contain messages that determine traits. The process of expressing those genes includes.

Gene Expression DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis. Gene Expression Genes contain messages that determine traits. The process of expressing those genes includes.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google