1. Transforming
Mars

2. The Surface of Mars 1

3. The Surface of Mars 2

4. “Spirit” Mars probe
“Spirit” Mars probe

5. Phoenix Mars probe

6. 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Earth 4. Mars 8.Neptune 7.Uranus 5. Jupiter6 7
8.Neptune
7.Uranus
5. Jupiter
6.Saturn
1.水 2.金 3.地 4.火 5.木 6.土 7.天 8.海

7. Earth VS Mars

8. Form (1)
Earth
Mars
Length of one day
24 hours
Length of one year
365 days
Is there water?
Yes
There is________, but there is_____________.
Main gases in atmosphere
Nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%
Average temperature
15°C
Gravity: weight of a 60 kg person
60kg
About __________
Average distance from the Sun
150 million km
__________ km
24.5 hours
687 days
no water
a lot of ice
95% carbon dioxide
-60°C
20kg
228 million

10. Transforming Stages

11. Transforming Stage 1 (AD 2030-2045)
Expedition
Underground buildings
Experiments
Look for site for future landings
Check for signs of life
Survive, spacesuits
Low gravity, move easily

12. 1. Distance from Earth to Mars: 55,000,000km
Speed of present spacecraft:12,000km per hour
Trip time:
6 months
2. Population: 7,000,000,000
Capacity of spacecraft 40,000
Trip time: 6 months
If there is only one spacecraft on the earth, how long will it take to transport man from the earth to Mars?
175,000years

13. Transforming Stage 2 (AD 2045-2095)
Huge solar mirrors, heat ice caps
Spray black, not reflect heat away
Chemicals released
Atmosphere thicker, retain more heat
Greenhouse effect start
-40°C

14. Transforming Stage 3 (AD 2095-2130)
Plants introduced
Carbon dioxide, convert into oxygen
First clouds
Sky, from pink to blue
-15°C

15. Photosynthesis 光合作用

16. Transforming Stage 4 (AD 2130-2145)
Warming continue
Melt more ice
Rivers and small oceans
People migrate (move), construct towns
Trees
Look greener
0°C

18. 二氧化碳和水和阳光结合，然后产生氧气。
阳光照耀海洋.
海水蒸发到空气中形成云。
如果云层中的水滴足够重，它们在下雨落到地面。
雨水通过河流流回海洋。
Carbon dioxide combines water and sunshine, and then oxygen is produced.
The sun shines on the ocean.
The ocean water evaporates into the sky to form the clouds.
If the water drops in the clouds are heavy enough, they will fall to the ground when it rains.
The rain water flows back to the ocean through rivers.

19. Transforming Stage 5 (AD 2145-2185)
More like Earth
The amount of oxygen rises
Inhabitants, without spacesuits
10°C
cities, farms, industries all over

20. Debate: Whether it is really worth transforming Mars and make it our home.

21. Requirement of debate
Clear
Loud
Confident
Polite
Impressive
Logical and reasonable
My view is_______________________________________
Supporting ideas
(1)_________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________
Possible Opponent’s ideas

22. Homework
Find further information on Mars and solar system if you are interested
Find information on China’s space industry and its effort in space exploration