1. Celestine Fonyikeh-Bomboh Lucha and George B. Chuyong
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF FODDER/FORAGE PLANT SPECIES IN RANGE AND FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE SAVANNAHS OF NORTH WESTERN CAMEROON
Celestine Fonyikeh-Bomboh Lucha
and
George B. Chuyong

2. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
Savannas occupy about 20% of the global land surface area and 40% in Africa (van Wilgen et al., 2000).
UNCCD, 1994.
Articles 6-9, 12, 13, 26 CBD
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

4. INTRODUCTION CONT’D
Fodder plants have played a significant role in feeding domestic animals.

5. INTRODUCTION CONT’D Income for resource-poor farmers
Strategic goals A,B,C and D of the CBD Aichi Biodiversity Targets 2014.
Degraded pasture land.
*Ogunbosoye and Babayemi (2010).
FAO, feed resources present in the developing world.
Extensive animal production.

6. INTRODUCTION CONT’D
Objectives
To explore the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local people in Ngoketunjia Division.
To raise awareness among the local community about the protection of native fodder/forage flora.
To propose guidelines for proper utilization, management and conservation of useful plants and the landscape.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Figure 1. Study area

8. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical surveys
Semi-structured Interviews.
Discussions.
Direct field observations (Bele et al., 2011; Zereen and Khan, 2012; Bahru, 2014).

9. Materials and methods CONT’D
Collecting, pressing and identification

10. Common/Vernacular name
RESULTS
151 species, 105 genera, 44 families.
The plant families, Poaceae (31 species), Fabaceae (22 species) and Asteraceae (14 species).
Table 1. Checklist of the plants sampled
Family
Species
Common/Vernacular name
Parts used
Acanthaceae
Dychoriste perrotteti ( Nees) O. Ktze
Botoron (Mbororo)
Aerial
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus hybridus L.
feih (Bamunka)
Anacardiaceae
Mangifera indica L.
manguteh (Bamunka)
Leaves, fruits
Annonaceae
Annona senegalensis Pers
Dokonih (Mbororo)
Araceae
Colocasia esculenta Schott
ibo coco
Tuber
Araliaceae
Cussonia arborea Hochst. Ex A Rich
Yamasehtoh (Mbororo)
Leaves
Arecaceae
Elaeis guineensis Jacq
king tree, Teng
Asteraceae
Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams
Iodine grass, Tahkamahoh (Mbororo),
Burseraceae
Canarium schweinfurtii Engl.
black, bevakeh (Bamunka)
Caesalpiniaceae
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Red Head
Barkerih (Mbororo)

11. Common/Vernacular name
Table 1 cont’d
Family
Species
Common/Vernacular name
Parts used
Combretaceae
Terminalia laxifolia Engl. & Diels
Njoboh (Bamunka)
Leaves
Fabaceae
Desmodium ascendens (Sw.) DC
Bihligewah (Mbororo)
Aerial
Hypericaceae
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir
Bonechi (Bamunka)
Leaves, twigs
Malvaceae
Urena lobata Linn
Bodoroh (Mbororo)
Moraceae
Ficus abutilifolia (Miq.) Miq
fig, Bambamiwoh
Myrtaceae
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC
Bohdeh
Leaves, fruits
Phyllanthaceae
Bridelia ferruginea Benth
Fentebih (Bamunka)
Poaceae
Brachiaria lata (Schumach) C.E Hubbard
cow grass, Tohlejih
Rubiaceae
Crosopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G. Don) Benth
Shunih (Mbororo)
Verbenaceae
Vitex doniana Sweet
Bih (Bamunka)
Zingiberaceae
Aframomum danielli K. Schum
kenchou, Chukeh (Bamunka)
Fruits, leaves

12. Fig 2: Distribution of plants with respect to their morphology
Fig 3: Distribution of plants according to parts used as fodder

13. Fig 4: The threats to the fodder plants

14. Drivers of deforestation and degradation

15. Fig 5: The availability of the fodder plants

16. Some plant pictures 15 Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill
Brachiaria lata
(Schumach) C.E Hubbard
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill
Andropogon tectorum Schum. & Thonn. 15
Peratis indica L.
Entada africana Guill & Perr
Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Var. reclinata

17. Terminalia laxifolia Engl. & Diels
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Red head
Vitex doniana Sweet
Urena lobata Linn

18. DISCUSSION
30 species are used to treat diseases of the reproductive system in Ndop Central Sub- division, Cameroon (Focho et al., 2009).
19 species as medicinal plants in Babungo, Cameroon (Simbo, 2010).
20 are medicinal plants of Cameroon (Adjanohoun et al., 1996).
Table 2. Number of plants recorded
Number recorded
Location
Author 25
Mt. Cameroon
Cable and
Cheek (1998). 14
Mt. Oku and Ijim Ridge, Cameroon
Cheek et al. (2000). 8
Dom, Bamenda Highlands
Cheek et al. (2010). 6
Lebialem Highlands, Cameroon
Harvey et al. (2010).

19. Table 3. Some fodder plants in other countries
Country
Species
Author
Rwanda
Calliandra calothysus, Leucaena leucocephala and Pennisetum purpureum
Holmström (2013).
Mali
Arachis hypogea and Vigna unguiculata
Speedy and Pugliese, (2011).
Nepal
Bidens pilosa, Cajanus cajan, Ficus benghalensis, Oryza sativa and Zea mays
Malla and Chhetri, (2009).
Only 20 species sampled are in the list of animal feed resources information system- INRA CIRAD AFZ and FAO (Feedipia, ).
Only 17 of the 151 species sampled were reported by Pamo, in the country pasture/forage resource profiles
Only 14 were cited by Speedy and Pugliese, 2011 as trees and shrubs of known fodder value in tropical humid Africa.

20. GUIDELINES
The nutritive values of the key fodder and forage plants are determined.
Increasing the stock through planting (fencing material, direct sowing).
Improved agricultural practices.
Sensitization by carrying out environmental education.

21. CONCLUSION
The savannahs of Ngoketunjia Division, North Western Cameroon is endowed with fodder plants (herbs, shrubs and tree species) which are an important feed source for livestock in the area.
Details of graze, browse production and nutritive value are still lacking for most of the species identified.

22. RECOMMENDATIONS
For optimum utilisation of fodder herbs, trees and shrubs, it is essential that details of production, palatability, nutritive value and deleterious substances of the species are measured.
Integration of livestock production within local farming systems.
The use of browse plants for fencing land. Direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) of cover plants like grasses (Brachiaria lata, Eleusine indica, Panicum repens, Sorghum bicolor and leguminous plants (Cajanus cajan).

23. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION