1. Short Term and Long Term Causes of the Revolution

2. Discussion Question
What is the idea behind the slogan “No Taxation without Representation”?
How does it represent the colonists’ plight?

3. A. French and Indian War Land Trade Taxes Root cause of the Revolution
Great Britain and the colonists WIN the war.
Treaty of Paris (1763): officially ended the French and Indian War, giving Great Britain all land east of the Mississippi River.
Led to three main causes of the Revolutionary War: disputes over
Land
Trade
Taxes

4. B. Dispute over land
Proclamation of 1763: closed land won in war to colonists (west of Appalachians, east of Mississippi)
Angered colonists because they helped fight for the land and then was denied access.
Britain said trouble with Native Americans (Chief Pontiac) is the reason for denying colonists access.

5. C. Disputes over Tax Laws
Tax laws were passed so the colonists could help pay for French and Indian War.
Sugar Act (1764) – taxed sugar, molasses and other related goods
Quartering Act (1765) – pay to house soldiers (New York most effected)
Stamp Act (1765) – pay tax to register documents and other paper goods (stirred up most anger in the colonies)
Townshend Acts (1767) – taxed paint, lead, glass, paper, and tea; legalized writs of assistance.
Tea Act (1773) – gave British East India company monopoly on tea trade.

6. C. Disputes over Tax Laws
Colonists tarred and Feathered Tax Collectors

7. C. Disputes over Tax Laws
“No taxation without Representation” – slogan of colonists because they were not represented in Parliament.

8. D. Disputes over Trade
Navigation Acts (1600s) – Used to enforce policy of Mercantilism; creates a favorable balance of trade which increases the wealth of the home country.
Tea Act: gave British East India Co. monopoly on tea trade which hurt colonial merchants

9. E. Other Events/Acts
Boston Massacre: Colonists throw rocks and snowballs at the guard (a British Soldier) of the Boston Custom House which led to a riot. British soldiers fired into the crowd and killed 5 colonists who were martyred for the cause of Independence. The incident was used to stir up the colonists against the British.

10. E. Other Events/Acts
Boston Tea Party: In reaction to the Tea Act, colonists dressed as Indians and boarded ships and dumped tea into the Boston Harbor.

11. E. Other Events/Acts
Coercive/Intolerable Acts: To punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party, Great Britain passed a series of laws that closed the Boston Harbor and took away civil liberties like trial by jury.

12. F. First Continental Congress
All the Colonies except for Georgia met in Philadelphia in September of 1774.
The Colonists voted to ban all trade with England until the Intolerable Acts were repealed, to start training soldiers, and agreed to meet again in 7 months if necessary.
Great Britain refused to back down and by the end of 1774 many colonists were preparing to fight.

13. G. Lexington and Concord
Lexington and Concord are considered the first battles of Revolution in April 1775
Patriots: supported Independence,
Loyalists: remained loyal to England
The Patriots were stockpiling weapons in Concord and Massachusetts governor General Thomas Gage to confiscate the weapons.

14. G. Lexington and Concord
Paul Revere and others warned the residents of Lexington and Concord that the British were coming and the British Soldiers were met at Lexington and Concord by minutemen.
The famed “Shot Heard around the World” was fired and the Revolution had begun.

15. H. Second Continental Congress
When the Second Continental Congress met in May 1775, the war had already begun.
June 1775: Appointed George Washington as Commander of Continental Army
July 1775: Sent Olive Branch Petition to King (Olive branches are symbols for peace)
July 1776: Wrote Declaration of Independence

16. I. Common Sense Written by Thomas Paine in January 1776
Urged colonists to declare independence from Great Britain.
Arguments included: its ridiculous for an island to rule a continent, being part of England would drag the colonists into unnecessary wars.

17. J. Declaration of independence
A committee was formed to create it, but Thomas Jefferson did all the work
Declared the 13 colonies free and independent states.
2nd Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence with a few changes on July 4, Officially signed on August 2, 1776.
True independence = not until the war ends and Britain recognizes them.
Signing the Declaration of Independence.

18. J. Declaration of independence

19. Long term Causes of the American Revolution
The disputes over land, trade and taxes that arose from the French and Indian War.
The Colonists were angry over the tax laws the British passed by Parliament in which they had NO representation. (“Taxation without Representation”)

20. Short Term/Immediate Causes of the American Revolution
The Coercive/Intolerable Acts: King George III angered colonists by passing laws that were very harsh and deprived colonists of their civil liberties.

21. Short Term/Immediate Causes of the American Revolution
The First Continental Congress: This meeting marked a key step in American history. Although most delegates were not ready to declare Independence, they were determined to uphold colonial rights, but it did plant the seeds of a future independent government.

22. Short Term/Immediate Causes of the American Revolution
The Declaration of Independence: The colonists tried to make peace with the Olive Branch Petition but was rejected by King George III. They feared that force and oppression against the colonies would continue so they declared independence.

23. Assignment
Create a journal entry in the voice of a patriot. Explain how you feel about rights and civil liberties and the importance of them. Then explain why you would support independence based on the evidence in your notes.
Journal entry should be 2 paragraphs 4-6 sentences each. The first paragraph should be about rights and liberties and the second should be about why you would support the American Revolution.
Be sure to include evidence from your notes.

24. Homework
Create a bumper sticker protesting one of the acts or events that took place in the colonies.
You should have your own original slogan and a picture. You should use your imagination and not the internet.
Picture and bumper sticker should be colorful.

25. Arguments against British rule in Common Sense:
It is ridiculous and against natural law for an island to rule a continent.
America is no longer a "British nation"; it is composed of influences from all of Europe.
Even if Britain was originally the "mother country" of America, that makes her current actions all the more horrendous, for no true mother would harm her children so grievously.
Remaining a part of Britain will drag America into unnecessary European wars, and keep it from the international commerce at which America excels.
That government is best which governs least
Society represents all that is good about humanity, government represents all that is bad about it
The distance between the two nations makes the lag in communication time about a year for something to go round trip. If there was something wrong in the government, it would take a year before America heard back.
The New World was discovered shortly after the Reformation. This was evidence for the Puritans that God wanted to give them America as a safe haven free from the persecution of British rule.