1. Roman Achievements

2. Achievements Architecture and Engineering
Roman Laws, Citizenship, and Philosophy
Roman Language and Writing
Roman Art

3. ROMAN ACHIEVEMENTS
The Romans developed innovations that are still used today; what made them such influential innovators?
Definition of “INNOVATION”: something new or original (such as an idea, an invention, a device, a method)

4. ROME: AN EMPIRE OF INNOVATION
Rome’s location on the Mediterranean Sea allowed for trade and cultural diffusion (blending of cultures) with other people and nations

5. ROME: AN EMPIRE OF INNOVATION
Through the cultural diffusion, the Romans were able to borrow the best ideas from other civilizations (especially the Greeks) and improve upon them

6. ROME: AN EMPIRE OF INNOVATION
The wealth of the Roman Empire, especially during Pax Romana, enabled the Romans to promote culture and invention

7. Roman Architecture
The Romans were tremendously skilled builders; they improved upon Greek designs with two new architectural features: arches and domes

8. Roman Architecture
Vaults: these are curved structures over an opening that can support its own weight; arches were used to create enormous buildings like the Coliseum and the Pantheon

9. Roman Architecture
DOMES: they created vast open spaces and ceilings inside buildings (like the Pantheon) and magnificent exteriors

10. Roman Engineering: Aqueducts
One of the Romans’ greatest engineering feats was channeling water to their cities throughout the Empire
Roman engineers built the aqueducts to move the cold, clear water from springs to towns; sometimes they would be up to 250 miles long

11. Roman Engineering: Aqueducts
Some Roman aqueducts are up and still in use today; one in Spain is 95 feet above the ground and 2388 feet long

12. Aqueducts- a way to carry water
There wasn’t enough water in the city of Rome.
The Romans brought water in from the surrounding countryside.
The water was brought in by tubes called aqueducts.

13. Why arches? Water is heavy stuff.
The Romans needed a structure strong enough to hold all that water to move it from the mountains into the city.

14. Where did the water go? The water was transported in concrete tunnels.
The tunnels were underground if possible.
Sometimes the tunnel had to go above ground.

15. How did the aqueduct work?
The water flowed in a tube on the top of the aqueduct called a water channel.
The arches supported the water channel.

16. What did the water channel look like?
The water flowed through a rectangular channel.
The channel was lined with concrete.
Romans invented concrete.

17. Modern arches
US Capital

18. Cathedrals
A large important church
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

19. Roman Architecture
The Romans built arenas (like the famous Coliseum in the city of Rome) so thousands of people could attend “circuses” (entertainments such as gladiator battles)

20. Roman Architecture
What are three similarities between the Roman Coliseum and the Georgia Dome?

21. Roman Engineering: Roads
The Romans built the largest and longest-lasting network of roads in the Ancient World
At the height of the Empire, Roman roads stretched for 56,000 miles and included 29 major highways

22. Roman Engineering: Roads
At first, the roads were built to move soldiers quickly, but eventually the roads served many people for many purposes, especially as trade routes