1. Health Care Science Technology
Chapter 22 Dental Care
Health Care Science Technology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. 6.1
Research dental careers, education requirements, licensure, and scope of practice
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3. Objectives
Identify the members of the dental team and their responsibilities, education, and credentialing.
List the dental specialty areas.
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4. Objectives (cont.)
Name the teeth in the primary dentition and in the permanent dentition.
Name and locate surfaces, tissues, and anatomical features of the teeth and related structures.
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5. Objectives (cont.)
Demonstrate the use of the universal and Palmer’s notation.
Identify the causative factors of dental disease.
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6. Objectives (cont.)
Describe aseptic techniques and maintenance of equipment in the dental treatment room.
Chart conditions of teeth and record the treatment rendered.
Successfully complete 2 dental care procedures.
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7. Careers in Dental Care 22-1
The Dental Assistant
The Dental Laboratory Technician
The Dental Hygienist
The Dentist
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8. The Dental Assistant Employed with:
Offices of general dentists and specialists.
Dental school clinics.
Government hospitals/clinics.
Dental labs.
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9. The Dental Assistant (cont.)
Job Responsibilities
Expose and process X rays.
Provide clients with instructions on oral care.
Teach clients how to brush and floss properly.
Make impressions of clients’ teeth for study models.
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10. The Dental Assistant (cont.)
Job Responsibilities (cont.)
Assist the dentist in treatment procedures.
Manipulate dental materials.
Make dental appliances.
Develop infection control protocol.
Perform office management tasks.
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11. The Dental Laboratory Technician
Works independently to create dental prostheses, replacements for natural teeth, and dental appliances.
Uses a variety of materials to fabricate:
Full or partial dentures.
Artificial crowns and bridges.
Veneers.
Orthodontic appliances and splints.
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12. The Dental Hygienist Assesses and charts oral conditions
Reviews the client’s health and dental history.
Exposes and processes X rays.
Instructs clients in oral hygiene.
Provides dental nutritional counseling.
Removes calculus and plaque.
Applies preventive materials such as fluoride and sealants.
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13. The Dental Hygienist
Often obtain 2-year associate’s or technical school degrees
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14. Pre-Work
Before we begin, answer these questions with what YOU think the correct answers are:
Which toothbrush bristles are best: soft, medium, or hard?
How many times minimum per day should your brush?
How long should you brush your teeth?
How often should you changed out your brush?
What are some proper flossing procedures?
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15. Tooth brushing Introductory video
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16. Teeth Brushing Choosing a toothbrush Toothpaste Soft bristles
Electric is best
Toothpaste
Fluoride
Pea-sized amount
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17. Teeth Brushing Cont. Brushing 45 degree angle
Sweep brush away from gums
Don’t press too hard
Spaces between teeth
Rinse mouth
Brush tongue
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18. Teeth Brushing Cont. Other procedures Brush 2-3 minutes
Change toothbrush every 3 months
Brush 2x a day
**One last video to recap:
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19. Let’s Practice! We will brush for 2 minutes
Brush properly at the 45 degree angle
Not hard
Small, circular motions
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20. The Dentist
Diagnoses and treats diseases of the teeth and their supporting tissues, the tongue, lips, and jaws.
Restores teeth damaged by decay or trauma.
Replaces missing teeth with artificial materials.
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21. The Dentist (cont.)
Carries out cosmetic procedures to improve a client’s appearance.
Performs corrective surgery on the jaws and supporting tissues.
Straightens teeth.
Performs oral hygiene procedures and provides instructions to clients.
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22. The Dentist (cont.) Specialty Areas of Dental Practice
Dental public health.
Endodontics – root canals
Oral and maxillofacial pathology/surgeries.
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics.
Pediatric dentistry.
Periodontics – gum/bone disease
Prosthodontics – teeth prosthetics
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23. Dentist (cont.)
Education – 4 year undergraduate followed by 3-4 years of dental school (2 years in classroom, 2 years of clinical)
Must sit for licensing exam to practice
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24. Section 22-1 Apply Your Knowledge
Which dental health specialist removes calculus and plaque?
Answer: Dental hygienist.
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25. Dental Care Procedures 22-2
Basic Dental Anatomy
Brushing and Flossing
Tooth Numbering Systems
The Dental Treatment Area
Stress and the Dental Client
Dental Instruments and Tray Setups
Instrument Transfer and Oral Evacuation
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26. Dental Care Procedures 22-2 (cont.)
Dental Anesthesia
Impressions and Models
Amalgam and Resin Restorative Materials
Dental Cements
Dental Records
Dental Radiographs
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27. Teeth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQXYslGfLGs
Before we begin looking at the anatomy of teeth, let’s look at some interesting “tooth facts”
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28. Basic Dental Anatomy The Primary Teeth(Detention) consist of 20 teeth
“Baby Teeth”
There are 10 teeth in the maxillary arch and 10 in the mandibular arch.
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29. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)
The Permanent Teeth – replace the primary teeth between the ages of 6 and 12.
Are also known as the permanent dentition
Consists of 32 teeth.
All have come in by the age of 14 (except wisdom teeth)
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30. Wisdom Teeth Extraction
Let’s watch a few clips of wisdom teeth surgery
Why do we remove wisdom teeth?
WARNING: Graphic video at times. You do not have to watch or if you get uneasy, you may put your head down.
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31. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)
Tooth Divisions
The 2 main parts of the tooth are the root and the crown.
The apex is the end of the root furthest from the crown.
The cervical line is formed by the junction of the crown and the root.
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32. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)
Tooth Tissues
Enamel – hardest substance in the human body
Cementum.
Dentin.
Pulp – contains nerves and blood vessels
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33. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)
Adjacent Tissues
Gingiva is a soft tissue that surrounds the neck of the tooth.
The space between the free gingiva and the tooth is known as the gingival sulcus.
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34. 4 Types of Teeth Incisors – cutting Canines – tearing
Premolars – crushing
Molars – grinding
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35. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)
Types of Teeth
Incisors.
Canines.
Premolars.
Molars. B.
Click for answers.
Can you identify the type in each picture?
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36. Tooth Numbering Systems
The Universal System – used commonly in the United States.
Each permanent tooth is numbered from 1 to 32.
Deciduous teeth are lettered from A to T.
Copy this down into your notes
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37. Tooth Numbering Systems (cont.)
Federation Dentaire International (FDI)
Permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 8, according to quadrants.
4 Quadrants
1st number: quadrant
2nd number: tooth
Examples:
4th tooth in quadrant 4 – 44
6th tooth in quadrant
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38. Let’s Review
On the next slide, I will show you the FDI numbering system
Be sure that the diagram you draw out in your notes matches!
After that, you will have to correctly write down the tooth number that I ask for…
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39. FDI Numbering System – Draw Out
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40. Write Down the Correct Number
4th tooth in quadrant 1
8th tooth in quadrant 4
6th tooth in quadrant 2
3rd tooth in quadrant 3
1st tooth in quadrant 4
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41. Flossing Removes plaque between the teeth Floss at least once a day
Prevents decay
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42. Flossing Technique Wind 18” around middle fingers
Leave 1-2” of usable floss
Use thumb & index finger to guide floss
Guide floss with zig-zag, C-shape pattern
Unwind to use new section
Let’s watch:
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43. Let’s Practice
Using the procedures we learned, we will now floss our teeth.
Practice
*Note: if you have braces or special circumstances, talk to me about this
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44. Visiting the Dentist
Let’s hope your visits to the dentist go better than this:
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45. The Dental Treatment Area
Consists of a dental chair, a dental assistant’s chair, an operator’s chair, a dental unit, an operating light, fixed and mobile cabinets, a sink, and an X-ray unit.
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46. The Dental Treatment Area (cont.)
The dental unit contains:
Master on/off switch.
Handpiece tubing.
Air-water syringe.
Suction tubing for oral evacuator.
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47. Stress and the Dental Client
Follow these steps to reduce client stress:
Wear a name tag.
Listen to the client.
Use the client’s name frequently.
Take a personal interest in the client.
Patiently explain procedures to the client.
Respect individual differences.
Always maintain client privacy and confidentiality.
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48. Dental Instruments and Tray Setups
Hand Instruments – the 3 parts of a hand instrument are the handle or shaft, blade or nib, and shank.
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49. Dental Instruments and Tray Setups (cont.)
Basic hand instruments include: mouth mirror, explorer, cotton pliers, periodontal probe, saliva ejector tip, oral evacuator tip, and aspirating anesthetic syringe.
Restorative instruments are included in the composite tray setup and resin tray setup.
Cavity preparation instruments.
Amalgam instruments.
Composite and other instruments.
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50. Instrument Transfer and Oral Evacuation
The dental assistant:
Prepares materials and instruments.
Transfers them to the dentist.
Maintains a clear working area with effective oral evacuation.
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51. Bell Work
With your desk partner or solo, draw out the FDI numbering system completely
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52. Today’s Objectives Dental instruments Anesthesia
Impressions and Models
Dental radiology
Diseases and disorders of the mouth
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53. Instrument Transfer and Oral Evacuation (cont.)
Instrument Grasps
The pen grasp is used with most instruments.
The palm grasp is used when the instrument has two handles.
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54. Instrument Transfer and Oral Evacuation (cont.)
The instrument transfer zone is over the client’s chest, in the 4 to 7 o’clock position.
The assistant brings the instrument to the dentist when the dentist signals for it.
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55. Instrument Transfer and Oral Evacuation (cont.)
The oral evacuator removes fluids and retracts tissue during treatment procedures.
Benefits include:
Improved visibility.
Reduced amount of airborne microbes.
Prevention of swallowing of debris.
Prevention of moisture from adversely affecting dental materials.
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56. Dental Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia – injected near the nerves, blocking CNS nerve transmissions
Topical Anesthesia – applied to the surface or mucosa to minimize the discomfort of the needle.
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57. Impressions and Models
Models are positive reproductions or 3-D duplicates of a client’s teeth/surrounding tissues.
They are used for study and diagnosis of orthodontic cases.
1st step - take an impression of the teeth and surrounding tissues.
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58. Impressions and Models (cont.)
Impression Materials
The most commonly used impression materials are:
Alginate
Elastomeric materials
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59. Impressions and Models (cont.)
Alginate
Water is mixed with a powder, then inserted into a perforated impression tray.
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60. Impressions and Models (cont.)
Electromeric Materials
Used for very precise procedures, such as fabricating crowns, bridges, and dentures.
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61. Dental Cements Dental cements are used as: Bases and liners.
Luting agents.
Temporary restorations.
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62. Dental Records Charting symbols are used to indicate: Caries. Amalgam.
Composite.
Missing tooth.
Teeth to be extracted.
Impacted tooth.
Gold crown.
Porcelain crown.
Root canal.
Periapical abscess.
Fracture.
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63. Dental Radiographs
Radiolucent areas – darker or black areas on the film.
Radiopaque areas – lighter or white areas on the film.
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64. Dental Radiographs (cont.)
Types of Dental Radiographs
Periapical – includes the entire length of the tooth and the tissues.
Bitewing – includes the crowns of both the maxillary and the mandibular teeth on 1 film.
Occlusal – includes the entire maxillary or mandibular arch on 1 larger film.
Panoramic – shows all the maxillary and mandibular teeth and supporting structures.
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65. Dental Radiographs (cont.)
Intraoral Dental Film
Size 0 – used for children up to age 5.
Size 1 – used for children age 5 to 10
and adults in narrow anterior
areas.
Size 2 – used for adults.
Size 4 – used for occlusal film.
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66. Section 22-2 Apply Your Knowledge
What o’clock positions are used for transfer of instruments?
Answer:
4 to 7 o’clock positions.
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67. Common diseases of the mouth
Gingivitis – inflammation of the gums
Halitosis – bad breath
Tooth decay – destruction of tooth enamel
Cavities
Let’s look at a few more…
How can we prevent this?
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68. Bell Work
You have 5 minutes to review for your test over the dental unit.
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