1. Report by: Ricka Mae M. Baclea-an

3.  Telephone books and titles such as The Foundation Directory and The Million Dollar Directory are examples of directory publications that are found in libraries of all types.

4. City Directory on the 19 th Century  Is the precursor of the alphabetical and classified directories as of today  It means for promoting the advantages of doing business in a particular community.  It also linked businesses, advertisers, and customers, in an effort to market commercial activities in a given area.

5.  For more than a century, library directory collections were almost exclusively made up of print publications.  Many of these collections became unwieldy to use and difficult to update and maintain.  Some directory were put on microfilm or microfiche.  Many directories have appeared as online databases, CD-ROMs, and most recently the Web.

7. Scope  Does this source include addresses and telephone numbers?  The scope of directories can be looked at in terms of their who, what or where.  Who are the people covered by this directory?  What organizations, schools, agencies, businesses, or funding opportunities are listed in the directory?  The where question deals with the geographic coverage.  Is it local, national or international?  Scope can more difficult to determine for electronic directories

8. Currency  How often is this directory published and updated?  Does it come out annually, biannually, quarterly, weekly, or daily?  The currency of a directory can be less complicated for a print source.  The print directory will have a lag in reporting changes in addresses, phone numbers.  The currency of electronic directories can sometimes be problematic.

9. Accuracy  The accuracy of information in directories should also be examined carefully.  Introductory material can often reveal how the data compiled in the directory was collected, alerting librarians to potential inaccuracies.  Is the information about people and organizations correct?

10. Arrangement  The arrangement determines whether access to the information in the directory will be simple or difficult.  Electronic directories often have an advantage over their print counterparts in providing access options.  Does this directory have an index?  Are the entries alphabetical or classified?

14.  Gale Directory Library is a digital treasure trove collection of premier directories on companies, publishers, associations, and more—sources that are unavailable or difficult to find on the internet. Gale expertly compiles many of the reliable directories comprised in this electronic resource; directories from other renowned publishers are also included.  This resource currently access to 43 different directories, such as Ward’s Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies and the three parts of the Encyclopaedia of Associations.

16. Selection  The selection of directory sources may vary greatly from library to library, depending on size, mission, and users served.  Some important criteria to consider in selecting a directory include the user community, cost, and uniqueness.

17. User Community  Librarians need to carefully consider their user community when building their directory collections.  Directories dealing with the geographic area in which the library is located have long been staples of public library collections.

18. Cost  In all libraries the cost of directory sources is a major consideration.  Large libraries may have the funds required to build comprehensive directory collections.  Smaller libraries may have to purchase selected parts of larger print directories or purchase more limited access to electronic versions.

19. Uniqueness  The uniqueness of directory must also be considered when selecting it for a reference collection.  Having multiple directories that largely cover the same content may not be cost-effective and may be counter productive from a service perspective.  By carefully looking at uniqueness, libraries

20. Important General Sources  On identifying directories, the section includes discussions of telephone directories and directory sources that focus on libraries, associations, publishers, education, grants, business, government and specialized subjects.

42. Conclusion  Libraries today are populated with a vast array of directories that cover a wide variety of topics and meet a diversity of user needs.  The shape of the directory resources in the contemporary library is hybrid mix of print and electronic resources that is increasingly evolving toward a more electronic future.

44. Uses and Characteristics  Indexes and Abstracts can more fully reveal resources not covered in the general catalog.  Indexes such as periodical indexes usually list the authors, title or subjects of publications without comment.  Abstracts present a brief summary of content.  Indexes and Abstracts in electronic form generally offer many additional options for searching, such as keywords from title and abstract, journal title, and author affiliation.

45. Evaluation  As reference librarians use the tools in reference work, they evaluate indexes and abstracts and choose those that will best reveal the contents of their own collections or that will refer users needed information beyond library walls.

46. Format  The print format may still lend itself best to browsing, especially for abstracts, but the electronic forms usually have much more powerful search capabilities, with more access points and the possibility of refining searches by using Boalean logic to combine terms.

47. Scope  The time covered does not necessarily coincide with the period of publication because the publisher may go back and index some older material valuable to the users of the index.  Types of materials covered are another subject of scope.  Some indexes and abstracts are more inclusive in the types of articles indexed, indexing such things as letters to the editor and editorials, whereas other services restrict their coverage to research articles.

49. Authority  Considerations in accessing the authority of indexes and abstracts are the reputation of the publisher or sponsoring organization and the qualifications of the editorial staff.  Publishers of indexes include commercial firms, professional associations and government agencies.

50. Accuracy  The quality of indexing and accuracy of bibliographic citations affect the usefulness of indexes.  Accuracy can also apply to both author and subject indexing.  Accuracy of subject indexing depends on the indexer’s ability to represent the content of a publication using terminology drawn from the controlled vocabulary to be used in indexing.

51. Arrangement  Arrangement on entries in print indexes or abstracts determines one possible approach to the items indexed.  For electronic databases, it is necessary to rely on database descriptions found in directories or in documentation provided by the database producer or vendor/aggregator.

52. Selection  Indexes and abstracts are often expensive reference tools, no matter what format is selected.  Selection of titles for a particular collection must take into account the characteristics of that collection as well as the needs of users for access beyond what is already provided by the library’s catalog.

53. Needs of Users  Indexes and Abstracts selected for a particular library collection should reflect the types of information and publications that library users wish to access.  The availability of so many indexes and abstracts in electronic form has meant that access to at least a portion of most indexes is possible online even if the library does not have a subscription to the print version.

54. Cost  Some publishers of indexes and abstracts offer discounted pricing on a second format if one format is already part of the library’s collection.  A complete analysis of cost factors for each format has to take into account subscription prices, binding, and shelving costs for print copies; equipment costs for using online databases; and per- search charges or licensing costs for online access.

55. Uniqueness  Uniqueness relates to both the coverage and the arrangement of the indexes and abstracts being considered for selection.

56. Full-Text Coverage  Full text does not have a standard definition when applied to electronic publications with print counterparts.  At the article level, full text may include the main text but not any sidebars or illustrations.  In issue level, full text may include major articles but omit such things as letters to the editors, short columns, book reviews and advertisements.

57. Different types of Indexes

58. General Periodical Indexes  They index periodicals covering current events, hobbies, popular culture, and school curriculum- related areas.  An Abridged Readers Guide covering 71 periodicals selected from those in the unabridged edition is available for use in school and small public libraries.

59. Newspaper Indexes  Newspaper Indexes are now supplemented with indexes and abstracts online and an increasing number of full-text newspapers in electronic form.  Gale(Infrotrac Newstand) provides access to more than 1,700 major U.S. regional, national, and local newspapers as well as leading titles from around the world.

60. Citation Indexes  Citation indexes allow the user to locate items based on a different type of relationship: the links created when authors cite earlier works by other authors.  The primary use of citation indexes is to find for a particular publication known to the searcher, later items that have cited it.

61. Indexes for Special Types of Materials  The indexes discussed thus far in this chapter provide good coverage of periodicals and newspapers but are not helpful for gaining access to some other special types of materials that may be important in certain library collections.

62. Indexes of Reviews  Three tools available to libraries include H.W. Wilson’s Book Review Digest, Gale’s Book Review Index Online, and EBSCO’s Book Index with Reviews.

63. Book Review Digest  With coverage since 1905, provides excerpts of and citations to reviews of current juvenile and adult fiction and nonfiction in the English language.  Book Review Index Online contains entries for reviews of books, periodicals, books on tape and electronic media from 1965 to present.  Book Review Index Online Plus supplements more than 800,000 reviews in full text.

64. Indexes for different Literary Forms  Library collections in school, public and academic libraries generally include many collected works: poetry anthologies, collections of plays or short stories and collections of essays.

65.  The H.W. Wilson Company publishes three indexes that provide access to the contents of collections by author subject: Essay and General Literature Index, Play Index and Short Story Index.

66. Essay and General Literature Index  Is an author and subject index to essays published in collections, with particular emphasis on materials in the humanities and social sciences. It is published semiannually, with an annual cumulation.  It is now online in two parts:  A retrospective index covering the period 1900-1984 and  Regularly updated index for the period from 1985 forward.

67. Play Index  Is published at several year intervals.  The index covers both individual plays and plays in collections, written in or translated into English.  The most recent volume, Play Index 2003-2007, indexes nearly 3000 plays that were published during the period 2003-2007.

68. Short Story Index  Appears annually, with five years cumulations.  The short stories are indexed by title, author, and subject in a single alphabetical listing.  It is now online in two parts:  Retrospective index covering the period 1915-1983  Regularly updated index covers period 1984 forward.

71. Quiz:  1. Give one example of directory publication.  2. Why are directories important in the library?  3. A listing of people or organizations in a systematic way?  4. This resource currently access to 43 different directories?  5. Can be used to find names, addresses, and telephone numbers for individuals and businesses?  6. Give one type of indexes.

72.  7. provides access to more than 1,700 major U.S. regional, national, and local newspapers as well as leading titles from around the world.  8. With coverage since 1905, provides excerpts of and citations to reviews of current juvenile and adult fiction and nonfiction in the English language.  9. Online as Essay and General Index covers the period from 1985 forward.  10. Is an author and subject index to essays published in collections?

74.  1. The Foundation Directory/ Million Dollar Directory  2. Because they are used to locate, verify, ad match people to organization, institutions and people.  3. Directory  4. Gale Directory Library  5. Telephone Directories  6. General Periodical Index, Newspaper indexes, Citation Indexes, Indexes for special types of materials, Indexes of Reviews, Indexes for Different Literary Forms.  7. Infrotrac Newstand  8. Book review Digest  9. Regularly Updated Index  10. Essay and General Literature Index