1. Do Now: Write down your own definition of irony and an example.

2. Irony

3. Irony
The use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or usual meaning; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result.

4. Situational Irony
When something happens that is the opposite of what you would expect.
For example:
A tow truck breaks down.
Michael Jordan wearing LeBron sneakers.
Dr. Oz getting sick.

5. Verbal Irony
When what is said (by you or a character) is the opposite of what you mean, or the opposite of what is true.
For example:
“Wow that explanation was as clear as mud.”
“I just got a full scholarship to Harvard—no big deal.”
Wow! They’re cutting summer down to just one month? That sounds awesome!!!

6. Dramatic Irony For example::
This occurs when the implications of a situation, speech, etc., are understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play or movie
For example::
Watching a hero break free while the villain reveals his or her evil plan
When you see the killer in the horror movie creep up behind someone.

7. Dramatic Irony

8. Our Focus: Situational Irony
When the opposite of what you expect happens:
Howard, after working an eight hour shift at the fork factory, walked to the break room to eat his salad. He was dismayed to find he had forgotten his fork. When he went to the silverware drawer, he found only spoons.

9. What’s not ironic?
When, on the one day you cannot be late for school, there is an enormous traffic jam.
That’s not ironic. That’s unfortunate. You didn’t expect the opposite to happen, you were just hoping it would.
When you were just talking about someone, and you happen to see them the very next minute.
That’s not ironic. That’s a coincidence.

10. Discuss with your Group
How did Zusak use irony in his novel?

11. Phrases
A Crash Course

12. The Basic Rule:
A phrase is two or more words without a subject and a verb pairing

13. Where it gets tricky Both of these are phrases: After lunch
After slithering down the stairs and across the road to scare nearly to death Mrs. Philpot busy pruning her rose bushes

14. There are a few types of phrases
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Prepositional phrase
Infinitive phrase
Participle phrase
Gerund phrase
Absolute phrase

15. But let’s look at three more familiar phrases more closely
Noun phrases
Verb phrases
Prepositional phrases

16. Noun Phrases
Includes a noun (person, place, or thing) and modifiers that distinguish it (adjectives, etc.)
For example:
The stolen book
A cat that refused to move
A great soccer player
Are part of sentences like:
The stolen book burned Liesel so badly that she had to remove it from under her shirt.
Liesel had to step around a cat that refused to move.
It was Rudy’s ambition to become a great soccer player.

17. Verb Phrases
This is a multi-word verb to expressed more nuanced action or condition
For example:
Had cleaned
Should have been reading
Must wash
Becomes part of sentences like:
After Rosa had cleaned the clothing, she thoroughly cursed the family that dirtied it.
Liesel should have been reading easier books at the start of her education, but she had to work with what she had.
Every night, Liesel must wash the spit off of Rosa’s front door.

18. Prepositional Phrases
These start with a preposition and end with the “object” of the preposition
For example:
On time
Underneath the smoldering ashes
From eating too much
Would be part of sentences like:
Liesel would get a watschen if she didn’t arrive at school on time.
Liesel pulled the book from underneath the smoldering ashes.
Liesel vomited from eating too much.

19. Symbol
a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.

20. Symbolism
the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

21. Characters as Symbols
Zusak uses his characters to symbolize different camps of thought in Nazi Germany
With your group focus on the following adults from the novel:
Frau Diller
Hans Junior
Alex Steiner
Ilsa Hermann
Hans Hubermann
How does each character present a slightly different view relevant to the people of Nazi Germany?

22. Child Protagonists
How does following Liesel’s story instead of one of these adults change the way we read it?