1. Appendix A: Basic Grammar and Punctuation Reference
ENG 113: Composition I

2. The Parts of Speech Noun (Person, Place, Thing, Idea/Concept)
Verb (expresses action or state of being)
Pronoun (takes the place of a noun in a sentence)
Adjective (modifies or describes a noun or pronoun)
Adverb (modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, etc.)

3. The Parts of Speech
Preposition (demonstrates the relationships, or positions, between and among other words in a sentence)
Conjunction (joins together words, phrases, and clauses within a sentence)
Interjection (has no clear grammatical relationship to other words in a sentence; usually demonstrates an emotion content within the sentence; usually set off with an exclamation point or comma)

4. Parts of a Sentence Subject – a noun or pronoun
Predicate = complete verb + objects, complements, modifiers
Object
Direct object
Indirect object
Complement
Subject complement
Object complement

5. Parts of a Sentence Clauses Phrases Independent clauses
Prepositional phrase
Verbal phrase
Participial phrase
Gerund phrase
Infinitive phrase

6. Sentence Structure Simple sentences – single independent clause
Complete subject + complete verb + complete idea
Compound sentences – two or more independent clauses combined with coordinating clause conjunctions
Complex sentences - one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses combined with subordinating clause conjunctions
Compound-complex sentences – two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses containing both coordinating and subordinating clause conjunctions

7. Sentence Purpose Declarative Sentences Imperative Sentences
Interrogative Sentences
Exclamatory Sentences

8. Punctuation Terminal Punctuation Marks Internal punctuation marks
Period, question mark, exclamation point
Internal punctuation marks
Semicolon, colon, comma, dashes, parentheses
Nonstructural punctuation marks
Apostrophe, quotation mark