1. European imperialism in Africa
2nd phase of European contact with Africa

2. Explores set up treaties with African Kingdoms which led to colonization in Africa
For Europeans, these treaties meant that Africans had signed away their sovereignties (rights);
but for Africans, the treaties were merely diplomatic and commercial friendship treaties.
Cartoon depicting the Berlin Conference.
Treaties and European force, military = Imperialism.
These are introduction notes, class assignments will get into details about Maxim gun, African resistance to Imperialism etc. Can add notes later on these aspects. Ch. 4 Sections 4 &5 of textbook

3. Stanley explored Congo for King Leopold of Belgium
As for Stanley, he returned to Africa to fulfill a promise he had made to Livingstone to find the source of the Nile. He later damaged his reputation by accepting money from King Leopold II of Belgium to help create the Belgian-ruled Congo Free State and promote the slave trade. When he left Africa, Stanley resumed his British citizenship and even served in Parliament, but when he died he was refused burial in Westminster Abbey because of his actions in the Congo Free State.

4. Brutality in the Congo

5. Resistance against Colonization & Horrors of Beligian Rule

6. Europeans quickly follow King Leopold…Berlin Conference
In the 1880’s, European interest in Africa went ballistic due to the discovery of an abundance of gold, spices, tea, opium, all kinds of raw  materials ... and ... free labor ... slaves.
To own a colony, a European country would have to fly its flag, have a treaty with a local leader, establish an administration to govern with a police force to keep order, and to make use of the colony economically.  If the colonial power did not do these things, another power could do so and take over the territory.  It therefore became important to get leaders to sign a protectorate treaty and to have a presence sufficient to police the area.
Europeans quickly follow King Leopold…Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference of 1884 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa. 

7. Fight Against Colonialism
After discovering that they had in effect been defrauded by the European powers
African rulers organized militarily to resist the seizure of their lands and the imposition of colonial domination.

8. Chancellor of German Empire Otto Van Bismark

9. 1600s Dutch and Then the British take over (Boer War)

10. Cecil Rhodes- ardent believer in British colonialism, Rhodes was the founder of the southern African territory of Rhodesia.

11. Technology gave Europeans advantage - Medicine & Guns
New Maxim Gun
Medicine to protect against Disease.
There are several diseases that are almost inclusively found among the people of Sub-Saharan Africa
hose are Malaria, Tsetse, also known as the African sleeping sickness, and a hereditary blood disorder called Sickle Cell Anemia.
New Maxim gun could fire 500 rounds a minute

12. Age of Imperialism 1850-1919, Direct & Indirect
Direct Rule- Countries conquered become colonies, The European appoints all of the main officials which then rule over the colony/country based on decisions by the appointed officials. France, Portugal, Germany and Belgium used direct rule in Africa.
Indirect Rule- Some form of sphere of influence, and or the Europeans allow for some native (African) rulers to stay in power but most of these native rulers have to answer to the Europeans. British used indirect rule in Africa.

13. Ethiopia & Liberia were NOT colonized