1. Imperialism in Asia World History Unit 4
Events and Ideas #2
Imperialism in Asia
World History
Unit 4

2. Essential Question: How did Imperialism effect China and Japan?
Things to think about in your answer:
Were they open to foreigners?
How did they resist Europeans influence?
What was the end result?

3. China

4. The Opium Wars

5. The Opium Wars
China restricted trade access to Europeans – this imbalance upsets the British.
In an attempt to adjust the trade imbalance with China, Britain began shipping opium grown in India directly to China
War breaks out – British win
Restricted access and a trade imbalance upsets the British.
200 year history of trade and contact between Europe and China.
Trade and interaction limited to Canton, a small trading post.
Britain imports more good from China than it exports.
Britain imported tea, silk, and porcelain while exporting Indian cotton to China.
After negotiations fail, Britain starts to ship a new import.
China imports Opium grown in northern India.
Grown by the East India Company and shipped to China.
Soon, demands for opium increase and the trade imbalance settles down.
Demands grows among the Chinese population.
War break outs.
Chinese were no match for the British.
British warships destroyed Chinese coastal and river forts.
Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 opens five coastal ports to British trade.
China plays the European countries off one another – making trade agreements with other European powers.

6. Treaty of Nanjing Treaty of Nanjing is signed.
As a result of the Treaty of Nanjing, Britain was given the island of Hong Kong, among other concessions.
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7. The Tai Ping Rebellion Example of how women were treated:
1850 – 1864 rebellion by peasants.
Leader of the rebellion, Hong Xiuquan, viewed himself as the younger brother of Jesus Christ.
Appealed to many people because it called for reforms like:
giving land to peasants
treating women as equals
Example of how women were treated:
A statue of Hong Xiuquan
1850 – 1864 rebellion by peasants.
Led by Hong Xiuquan – a Christian convert who saw himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ.
Captured town of Yong’an and started new dynasty.
Hong wanted people to give up private possessions and hold lands in common. Money, food, and clothing were to be shared equally by all
He eliminated the practice of binding women's feet and the use of tobacco and acohol.
March of 1853, rebels seize Nanjing.
25,000 men, women and children are massacred.
Revolt is put down by the Qing dynasty with European help.
Europe demands more concessions.
The entire 14 year long war causes the deaths of 20 million Chinese.
A Chinese woman's deformed foot from binding

8. The Tai Ping Rebellion 1853 rebels seize Nanjing.
25,000 people massacred
Europeans help put down rebellion and demand more concessions

9. Confucius – Yes Western philosophy – No
Efforts at Reform
China attempts reform through self-strengthening.
Emperor Guang Xu launched reform known as the One Hundred Days of Reform (1898)
Focus was on modernization of the military and industry.
The reforms were opposed by CI Xi who imprisoned Guang Zu.
United States “Open Door Policy” angers the Chinese who see more foreign control.
After the rebellion, China attempts reform through Self-Strengthening.
Adopt Western technology.
Keep Chinese values (Confucius).
Democracy was seen as too radical for China.
Some reformers wanted it but regional warlords did not want to give up control.
They have military forces (used against the rebellion).
They had the power to tax (to pay for war).
Focus was on modernization of the military and industry.
Railroads, weapons factories, and shipyards.
Chinese values remained constant.
Confucius – Yes Western philosophy – No

10. The Kay Family – Murdered Missionaries
The Boxer Rebellion
The slogan of the Boxers was “destroy the foreigner”
They roamed the countryside killing foreigners, Christian missionaries, and Chinese who converted to Christianity.
Open Door Policy angers the Chinese who see more control of their country slip away to foreigners.
Boxer – popular name for rebels.
Rebels practiced a type of shadow boxing.
Foreigners, Christian missionaries, and Chinese converts to Christianity.
In early 1900, Boxer groups roamed the countryside killing foreigners, Christian missionaries – even the German envoy to Beijing.
Response was immediate and predictable.
20,000 British, French, German, Russian, American, and Japanese troops attached Beijing in August 1990.
Order was restored and the Qing dynasty was forced to make payment for damages – further weakening the government.
The Kay Family – Murdered Missionaries

11. The Boxer Rebellion Response was immediate and predictable:
20,000 British, French, German, Russian, American, and Japanese troops attacked
China was forced to make payment for damages – further weakening the government.

12. Japan

13. Japan’s Isolation
Japan practiced “isolationism” allowing no foreigners to trade on its shores.
1853 – US sends Commodore Matthew Perry and four warships.
Asked for better treatment of shipwrecked sailors
Asked for trade with Japan

14. Commodore Matthew Perry
He returned months later with a larger fleet of ships
Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, opening up trade relations with the United States

15. Japan Reforms
Japan felt compelled because of military superiority of the US to allow concessions
For 20 years the Meiji government undertook a study of Western systems.
They transformed
Military
Schools
Industrialization
What was this called? (think back to Key Terms #3)

16. Japan becomes an Imperial Power
1894 – Japan goes to war with China over Korea
1904 – Japan launches a surprise attack on Russia in Manchuria. They also defeat the Russian navy.
A stunned world was forced to recognize Japan as one of the great powers.
(the Russians had taken from China in 1898).

17. Essential Question: How did Imperialism effect China and Japan?
Things to think about in your answer:
Were they open to foreigners?
How did they resist Europeans influence?
What was the end result?