1. Cellular Reproduction
Mitosis

3. Cell reproduction occurs when parent cells divide
Cell reproduction occurs when parent cells divide. Two new daughter cells arise from each parent cell.

4. The production of new cells serves several functions
Early Development
GROWTH: Increase the number of cells
SPECIALIZE: Production of the many different cell types that will make up the mature organism

5. After Full Development
Repair damage tissues
Replace cells that are
lost from the outer surface
3. Resist disease

7. Small cells are better than large cells
Small cells are better than large cells. There is more surface area for the cell membrane to meet the cell’s needs

8. Cells stop growing or reproduce before they reach the point of:
Starving because of a lack of nutrients
Being poisoned because of waste buildup

9. Mitosis

10. The process by which chromosomes are duplicated and distributed to daughter nuclei

11. Each daughter cell nucleus carries the same set of genetic information as the parent nucleus

12. Interphase and Mitosis make up the cell cycle

13. Mitosis is a series of “phases” where the end of one phase blends with the beginning of the next

14. Interphase (NOT part of mitosis)
The in-between phase where chromosomes replicate
Interphase begins when cell reproduction is completed.
Interphase is a non-reproducing phase in which the cell spends most of its life

15. Early Interphase (still NOT mitosis)
New parts such as ribosomes and mitochondria are produced
Animal cells: new centrioles
Plant cells: new chloroplasts

16. Interphase Look for a. Complete nuclear membrane
b. Chromosomes NOT visible
Nuclear membrane
chromatin

17. Interphase

18. Prophase Chromosome become dark and thick
Look for: a. Nuclear membrane disappearing
b. Chromosomes look like dark, thick threads
Nuclear Membrane
Chromosome threads

19. Mitosis - Prophase

20. Prometaphase Chromosomes move to the equator
Look for: a. Nuclear membrane is gone
b. Paired chromosomes attached with centromeres move toward the equator

21. Metaphase Chromosomes line up and attach to spindle fibers
Look for: chromosomes lined up at the equator

22. Mitosis - Metaphase

23. Anaphase Chromosomes (chromatids) move to the poles
Look for: chromatids pulling apart at the centromeres

24. Mitosis - Anaphase

25. Telophase
The cell begins to divide and 2 new daughter cells develop. The nuclear membrane starts to reappear.
Look for:
a. (animal) cleavage furrow b. (plant) equitorial plate

26. Mitosis – Late Telophase
Plant Cell – equatorial plate
forming
Animal Cell – cleavage furrow forming

27. Cytokinesis The cytoplasm splits Two new daughter cells are formed
The resulting cells enter back into Interphase

28. Daughter Cells

29. Mitosis

30. Prophase
Telophase
Interphase
Interphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase

31. It is estimated that 25 million cell division occur every second in the human body

32. Different types of cells divide at different rates
Red Blood Cell form in bone marrow and reproduce rapidly to keep up with the need for new cells
Muscle and Nerve cells never reproduce once they mature
Human Liver Cells divide only when new cells are needed to repair wounds.

33. If one type of cell grows too rapidly, the normal organization of the organism is disrupted.
Cancer is one kind of disruption. When there is a rapid, uncontrolled division of one kind of cell, it invades and disrupts cells in other tissue.

35. Genetic Uniformity = Mitosis
The genes in every daughter cell are identical to the genes in the parent cell ******BODY CELLS