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Seeds and Fruits Types & Dispersal copyright cmassengale
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Seeds and Fruit Fruits are formed by seed plants to aid in dispersing seeds A seed contains the developing plant embryo in a protective coat (testa) Seeds form from ovules fertilized in the ovary Ovaries with seeds ripen into dry or fleshy fruits copyright cmassengale
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Parts of a Seed External seed coat or testa Developing plant embryo Stored food called endosperm Seeds may be in one part (monocot) or two parts (dicots) DICOT MONOCOT copyright cmassengale
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Parts of a Seed copyright cmassengale
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Gymnosperm Seed A single fertilization produces the diploid (2n) embryo The food source is the haploid megagametophyte copyright cmassengale
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Flowering plant seed In angiosperms (flowering plants) there is DOUBLE _______________ Which produces a diploid ________(2n) and, A triploid (3n) __________ Endosperm is the food source copyright cmassengale
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Dicot vs. monocot seed Dicot has two cotyledons (like bean) Endosperm (food) is kept in the _________ Monocot has one __________ which absorbs the endosperm tissue during germination (corn) copyright cmassengale
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Fruit In flowering plants – Fruit is a mature, ripened o_____ that contains the seeds Pericarp – the ovary wall ovary Fruit types A. Simple B. Aggregate C. Multiple copyright cmassengale
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A. Simple fruit A. Simple fruit – develops from a ______ ovary of a single flower. Simple fruits can be either fleshy or dry when mature Simple fleshy fruit 1. __________ 2. _________ copyright cmassengale
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Simple fleshy fruit 1. Berry – entire fruit wall is soft and fleshy at maturity. Inside is slimy. For example, grapes, tomato, etc. 2. _______________ is a berry with tough, leathery rind (peel) Examples: oranges, lemons, other citrus. copyright cmassengale
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Simple fleshy fruit: drupe
3. _______ type – outer part of fruit wall is soft and fleshy, inner part is hard and stony For example: ______________________ copyright cmassengale
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Simple fleshy fruit: pepo
4. ________ – also a fleshy fruit with a tougher outer rind All member of the squash family: pumpkin, melons, cucumbers copyright cmassengale
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Simple fleshy fruit: pome
5. Pomes: most of the fleshy part of pomes develops from the enlarged base of the perianth (corolla and calyx) that has fused with the ovary wall Pomes include ___________________ copyright cmassengale
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Simple dry fruit: capsule
Simple dry fruits are dry (not fleshy) at maturity. Simple dry fruits that open at maturity include: capsules and legumes Capsule – fruit is dry at maturity and splits open along several seams Example: Cotton copyright cmassengale
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Simple dry fruit: Legumes
Legumes are dry at maturity and split open along _______ seams Examples: pea pods, bean pods, peanut copyright cmassengale
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Simple dry fruits Simple dry fruits that do NOT open at maturity include Caryopsis: seed coat is fused to the ovary wall (cereal grains like ____________________) Nuts: single-ovary wall and seed coat remain separate, ovary wall is very hard (acorns) copyright cmassengale
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B. _____________ __________ fruit develops from one flower with many separate pistils/carpels, all ripening simultaneously Examples: strawberry, raspberries, blackberries copyright cmassengale
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C. Multiple fruit Multiple fruit develops from ovaries of several flowers borne/fused together on the same stalk For example: ____________ copyright cmassengale
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