1. Thank you, Revati Masilamani!
CANCER MODULE
Thank you, Revati Masilamani!

2. CANCER MODULE OVERVIEW
Entire workbook pdf is posted on my web page
You are welcome to download units covered in the module or the entire workbook but it is not required.
You will need to take notes from your classroom table discussions
Each table will work together to learn/discuss the material assigned for each quiz.
The table quiz will be given at the beginning of the period on the indicated day.
Please Note: If you are absent, you are required to make up the missed assessment individually
On Blockday, 3/1 or 3/2, you will complete an individual summative assessment covering the entire module plus information over the Genomics lectures.

3. CANCER MODULE SCOPE & SEQUENCE
DAY
UNITS
TOPICS
FORMATIVE ASSIGNMENTS
Block - Fri
Intro
Table Worksheet
Tue, 2/21
2.2 – 2.5
Cell Review
XXX
Block, 2/22 or 2/23
Table Quiz
Block, 2/22 – Mon, 2/27
3.1 – 3.4, 4.2, 5.5
Cancer
Metastasis & Treatment
Tue
All
Loop Review Table Quiz
Individual Summative Assessment → Block, 3/1 or 3/2
**Questions from Cancer Module + Genomics Information**

5. WHAT IS CANCER?

6. WHAT IS CANCER, cont

7. WHAT IS CANCER, cont Tumor versus Cancer Benign tumor Malignant tumor
Metastasis

8. CANCER MODULE
Units 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5

9. REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE
Divide!!
Don’t divide!!
Drivers
Checkpoints

10. Cell Cycle Checkpoints
G2 Checkpoint
Is my DNA correctly replicated?
Are chromosomes ready for separation?
Mitosis Checkpoint
Is environment ok?
Is my DNA intact?
G1 Checkpoint/ Restriction Point

11. Cyclin/Driver Function
G1 Driver
Cyclin D
S Driver 1
Cyclin E
S Driver 2
Cyclin A
G2/M Driver
Cyclin B

12. Cell Signaling PDGF Outside PDGF Receptor Cytoplasm TP
Transcription Factor Rb
G1 driver gene
Nucleus

13. Cancer cells behave like stem cells … Specialization is normally a one way trip!
Normal cells
Cancer cells
More specialized
Divides less
Less Specialized
Divides more
Cancer cells lose their specialized functions …
Genetic Changes - Mutated genes are expressed when they shouldn’t be.
Epigenetic Changes – Genes expressed at the wrong time.

14. Cancer and Genetic/Epigenetic Mutations

15. Oncogenes Examples HER-2/neu (erbB-2): a growth factor receptor.
ras: a signal transduction molecule
myc: a transcription factor
src: a protein tyrosine kinase.
hTERT: an enzyme that functions in DNA replication.
Bcl-2: a membrane associated protein that functions to prevent apoptosis.

16. Tumor Suppressor Genes
Examples
INK proteins
p53 Rb
BRCA1
BRCA2
APC

17. p53 External signals: Lack of Oxygen Stress Tissue Damage
Internal signals:
DNA damage
p53
Cell Cycle Arrest

18. Apoptosis Apoptosis! ‘Die’ signals from p53
Apoptosis proteins open pore in
mitochondria
‘Die’ signals from p53
Mitochondria
release ‘death’ proteins
Apoptosis!
Once pore is open,
it cannot be closed!
Mitochondria

19. Apoptosis, cont The cell blebs Nucleus condenses Nucleus fragments
The blebs float away & are phagocytosed

20. CANCER MODULE
Units 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.2, 5.5

21. Human Genome
Genes
Intergenic DNA

22. Transposons
Cut ‘n’ paste
Copy ‘n’ paste

23. Cancer and Transposons
Transposons can interrupt a gene by jumping into it
Transposons have their own promoters.
So a transposon landing in front of a gene can turn ON the gene when it should be OFF!
Transposon
Gene
Promoter
Gene
Transposon

24. Proto-oncogene/Tumor Suppressor
Cancer & Mutations
Protein
Proto-oncogene/Tumor Suppressor
Most common mutation
Src
Proto Oncogene
SNPs, Duplications
c-Jun
Deletion, Translocation
PTEN
Tumor Suppressor
SNPs, Deletion
p16
Ras
Proto-Oncogene
SNPs
p27
SNPs, Deletions
Simplified

25. Viruses & Cancer

26. Inflammation & Cancer Inflammatory signals Wound
Signals from the wound recruit immune cells
Signals from immune cells start inflammation
Modified this slide for clarity
Added the word scab, since this is post blood clotting
Also since I couldn’t animate the slide ( it came from the internet), I added the arrow to show the drection of the green signals, and also added in the blue signals to show that they are secreted by the immune cells that are recruited. Also added the legend on the side
Immune cells secrete growth factors
Signals stop when tissue repaired

27. Chronic Inflammation & Cancer
Damaged tissue
Inflammation
ROS
Growth
factors
Added this slide to explain the role of a mutagenic plus pro-growth environment. Had drawn this kind of flow chart to explain the idea to Aimee (because the students were confused, thinking that oxidative stress leads to more proliferation, which is not true)
She then used the same flowchart with them and it helped.
Rapid proliferation of mutating cells

28. Chronic Inflammation, cont
Fatty liver
Acid reflux
Stomach infection

29. Cancer Metastasis Cancer metastasis is like wound healing
Stromal tissue is loosened
Immune cells are recruited
New blood vessels are made
Immune cells and stromal cells signal epithelial cells to replicate.

30. Cancer Treatments