1. Quaestio: Why was Luther’s Protestant movement a success? NUNC AGENDA:

2. Causes: Indulgences
Indulgences = letters from the Church pardoning sins  less time in purgatory
Originally only for great deeds like pilgrimages or crusading
By 1400s, indulgences commonly sold for money to fund church projects
1517- German Priest Johann Tetzel aggressively marketing indulgences, even for dead relatives!

3. Causes: The Bible & Printing
In the Middle Ages, people relied on the Church to learn the teachings of the Bible
The invention and spread of printing increased literacy and lay people’s access to Bible
Some felt that the Church had strayed from Biblical teachings, especially in the case of indulgences

4. Martin Luther & Protestantism
Martin Luther was a German Catholic Monk
Luther wrote the 95 Theses, arguments against the Church and indulgences
These and other writings spread through Europe thanks to printing
Luther broke from the Church, Pope excommunicated him
Holy Roman Emperor demanded he take it back, Luther refused

5. Luther’s teachings spread in Northern Europe
Many agreed with Luther’s return to the Bible
Some German princes adopted Protestantism to reduce power of Church and Emperor
Some poor followed for social/economic reasons

6. Martin Luther DBQ Work in groups to analyze the documents and answer the accompanying questions. READ QUESTIONS FIRST BEFORE READING DOCUMENT!

7. PENSA Read the first half of Chapter 13 Section 4 and complete the reading guide worksheet “The Reformation Spreads: English Reformation”