1. Increasing Pressure on Germany
December 15, 2016

2. World War II so far…
September 1939: WWII starts when Germany invades Poland
Germany take over Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and France
September 1940: London Blitz
May 1941: Germany invade USSR
December 1941: Pearl Harbor
January 1942: Bataan Death March
May 1942: Battle at Coral Sea
August 1942: Battle at Midway
February 1943: Guadalcanal
March 1943: Germany retreat from USSR
April 1943: Germany invade North Africa

3. January 1943: FDR & Churchill meet in Casablanca, Morocco
Increase bombing of Germany
Will accept ONLY unconditional surrender
Germans MUST give up completely without any concessions (no negotiate)
Hitler, Mussolini, & Tojo CANNOT stay in power
Stalin STILL waiting for help in France
Bases in England USE:
1. Saturation bombing
Nonstop bombs dropped on German cities
GOAL: maximum damage
Strategic bombing
Bomb key political/ industrial areas
GOAL: destroy Germany’s capacity to make war
Bombers: VERY DANGEROUS (20% casualty)
Tuskegee Airmen: African American escort pilots
Out of 1500 missions…Did NOT lose 1 bomber

4. In Pacific:
1. Americans just secured GUADALCANAL (Feb 1943)
Island Hopping to INVADE Japan
2. At same time – Prevent Japan invasion of Australia
Back in Europe…
May 1943: Allies push Germans/ Italians out of N. Africa
July 1943: Allies start invasion of Italy
Go in from Sicily (2 miles from Italy)
Eisenhower in command
Allies complete control of Western Mediterranean
Ended rule of Mussolini
Escapes to fortress
September 1943: Italy surrenders to Allies
5 weeks later…
Newly formed Italian gov’t declares war on Germany
Many Italians against Mussolini & Hitler
Germany no longer on OFFENSIVE
Now on DEFENSIVE

5. Following Guadalcanal, Problem:
Japan still needs military base to invade AUSTRALIA
New Guinea Campaign
March 1943 – June 1945
Many battles to prevent Japan from capturing New Guinea
GOAL: Japan wants New Guinea to build military base to attack AUSTRALIA
Remember General MacArthur???
General in charge for Allies
BATTLE OF BISMARCK SEA
March 2 – 4, 1943 (3 days)
Japan sending convoys containing thousands of Japanese soldiers to fight in New Guinea

6. RESULT: Success for Allies
Allies’ Goal: Destroy convoys carrying Japanese soldiers to prevent soldiers reaching New Guinea
RESULT: Success for Allies
Over 2,800 Japanese soldiers died
Soldiers don’t reach New Guinea
1943: Fighting over New Guinea continues until end of war