1. Periods in the History of Muslim Spain
Early Period
Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba
Ta’ifa Period
c Almoravid Empire
c Almohad Caliphate
Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

2. Word List
Timeline
Berbers
Visigoths
Charles
Martel
642 Muslims complete conquest
of Egypt.
711 Muslims attack Spain.
716 Visigoths beaten back into
north-west Spain.
732/33 Charles Martel defeats
Muslims at Tours/Poitiers.

3. Map Link: The Muslim Conquests:
<
muslimconquestsmap.gif>

4. Word List
Timeline
al-Andalus
(Muslim
Spain)
750 ‘Abd al-Rahman flees to
North Africa.
Reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman at Cordoba.
Reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman III.
929 ‘Abd al-Rahman III takes title of caliph.
932 ‘Abd al-Rahman III consolidates hold on
Spain.

5. Map Link: Spain, :
<
shepherd-c jpg>

6. Word List
Timeline
Hisham
Muhammad ibn
Abi ‘Amir
(al-Mansur/
Almanzor)
‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (Sanchuelo)
ta’ifa (part, pl. tawa’if)
Reign of al-Hakam II.
1031 Collapse of Umayyad
caliphate of Cordoba.
1085 Christians take Toledo.

7. Word List
Timeline
al-murabitun
(those who
gather together/
Almoravids)
Marrakush
1085 Al-Mu‘tamid of Seville
appeals to Almoravids.
1086 Almoravids invade
Spain, defeat Christians.
1110 Almoravids complete
conquest of al-Andalus.
1140s Revolts against Almoravid rule.

8. Word List
Timeline
al-muwahhidun
(those who
insist on the
oneness of God/
Almohads)
mahdi (awaited
spiritual leader)
Reign of Ibn Tumart
over Almohads.
1147 Almohads complete
conquest of N. Africa from
Almoravids, begin conquest of
al-Andalus.
1212 Almohads crushed by
Christians at Las Navas de
Tolosa.

9. Word List
Timeline
Granada
Nasrids
Muhammad ibn
Yusuf ibn Ahmad
ibn Nasr
Marinids
reconquista
Ferdinand V and Isabella (reconquest)
1228 Foundation of Nasrid
kingdom of Granada.
1479 Unification of Aragon
and Castile.
1492 Christians take
Granada, expel Muslims and
Jews from Spain.

10. Object List The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.
Exterior view. Restored view. (F)
Floor plan and extension of La Mezquita. (F)
Exterior view. Courtyard of the Orange Tree, view toward
cathedral rising above the mosque. (F)
Exterior view. Belfry (replacing the minaret), begun 1593
by Heman Ruiz the Younger, completed in 1664 by Gaspar
de la Pena. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

11. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
Exterior view. View from the south across Quadalquivir River,
Moorish bridge. (F)
Exterior view of facades and doorways. (F)
Exterior view. Façade. (F)
View of the first mosque. Abd al-Rahman, (F)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD View
of interior with columns. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
gmccolumns.jpg>.)

12. Object List The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.
Larger overall view of the interior courtyard. (F)
Interior of the sanctuary (view from east). (F)
Interior of the Mosque with some of the 36 piers and 514
columns. (F)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD Detail
of arch decoration. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <
www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/gmcarchdetail.jpg>.)
Maqsura, (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

13. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD Maqsura,
(The Mosque of Cordoba (Spain: Editorial Fisa Escudo de
Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 11.)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD The
Mihrab. 11th c. Gold and glass mosaic on marble. (The Mosque
of Cordoba (Spain: Editorial Fisa Escudo de Oro, S.A.,
n.d.), p. 17.)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD Dome
over Maqsura, (The Mosque of Cordoba (Spain: Editorial
Fisa Escudo de Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 20.)
over Maqsura, 961-5, detail. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
gmcdomedetail1.jpg>.)

14. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD Dome
over Maqsura, 961-5, detail. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
gmcdomedetail2.jpg>.)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
Textures: finely textured courtyard paving with dense surface
of pebbles combined with rectangular planters. (F)
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD Textures:
finely textured courtyard paving of black and white pebbles. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Aerial view. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba General view. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba View of ruins. (F)

15. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Hall of the
Ambassadors. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Skylights in the
Hall of the Ambassadors. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Mihrab in the Hall
of the Ambassadors. (F)
Ambassadors. Stucco: Tree of Life. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Wooden jewellery
box. (F)
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Silver casket
for Hisham, x 38 x 24cm. (F)

16. Object List
Madinat al-Zahra: Palace. Outside Cordoba Burnished gold
jewellery. (F)
Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th c.,
but construction until Plan. (F)
but construction until Aerial view. (F)
but construction until Ablutions court. (F)
but construction until Interior prayer hall. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

17. Object List Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Exterior view. (F)
Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush Minaret. (F)
Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush Interior view. (F)
Qur’an. Maghribi, probably from Spain. 12th c. (F - 3 slides)
Minaret of Mosque of Hasan. Unfinished mosque built by al-Mansur.
Rabat, Morocco (F)
Las Navas de Tolosa banner. Morocco or Spain. Early 13th c. Silk, gold
thread and gilt parchment. (F)
General view of Sevilla. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

18. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Sevilla - monastery gate. (F)
Sevilla - the Alcazar. Entrance to the mudejar palace. (Niall
Christie, Private Collection: <
HIST2252slides/alcazarmudejarentrance.jpg>.)
Sevilla - interior of Alcazar, showing arches. (F)
Sevilla - interior of Alcazar, showing greenspace. (F)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of stucco work. (F)
Inscription in the Alcazar, Sevilla. (Niall Christie, Private Collection:
<
alcazarscript.jpg>.)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of ceilings and arches. (F)

19. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. The throne room. (F)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. The throne room. (Javier Lobato
Domínguez and Angel Martín Esteban, Reales Alcázares de
Sevilla (Spain: Editorial Escudo de Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 38.)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dome of the throne room. (F)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dome of the throne room. (Niall
Christie, Private Collection: <
HIST2252slides/alcazarambassdome.jpg>.)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dragon sculpture supporting balcony
in throne room. (Niall Christie, Private Collection: <
telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/alcazarambassdragon.jpg>.)

20. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Balcony in throne room. (Niall
Christie, Private Collection: <
HIST2252slides/alcazarambassbalcony.jpg>.)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. 16th c. paintings by Diego de Esquivel
in throne room. (Javier Lobato Domínguez and Angel Martín
Esteban, Reales Alcázares de Sevilla (Spain: Editorial Escudo
de Oro, S.A., n.d.), p. 40.)
Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Inscriptions in throne room. (Niall
HIST2252slides/alcazarambassinscrips.jpg>.)

21. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Panoramic view. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Plan. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Palace of the Lions
Cutaway Map. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus
(Spain: Edilux s.l., 2006), p. 98.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Fountain in the Court of the
Lions in 19th century and (John Chidley (trans.), The
Alhambra and Generalife (Spain: Editorial Comares, n.d.),
pp ; and Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <
telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/alhambralions.JPG>.)

22. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions, overall
view. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. Interior
detail of lavish surface ornament. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions. Detail
of stalactite decorations. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Hall of the Abencerrajes. (A)
Fountain in the Hall of the Abencerrajes. (Niall Christie, Personal
Collection: <
alhambraabencfountain.JPG>.)

23. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Ceiling in the Hall of the
Abencerrajes. Photograph by Amila Blazevic. (Niall Christie,
Personal Collection: <
HIST2252slides/alhambraabencceiling.jpg>.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Abencerrajes.
Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, pp )
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Outside view of the ceiling of
the Hall of the Abencerrajes. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
alhambraabencroof.JPG>.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Kings. Ceiling.
(Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, p. 116.)

24. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Detail of arch in the Hall of
the Kings. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <
www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/
alhambrakingsdetail.JPG>.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Ceiling paintings in the Hall
of the Kings. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, p. 117.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two Sisters. (F)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Paving slabs in the Hall
of the Two Sisters. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
alhambrasistslabs.JPG>.)

25. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Inscriptions in the Hall of
the Two Sisters. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
alhambrasistinscrip.JPG>.)
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two Sisters.
Ceiling. (F)
Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The Alhambra in Focus), pp )

26. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada. Court of the Myrtles and Comares Tower. (A)
Alhambra Palace, Granada. Court of the Myrtles, looking south. (A)
Alhambra Palace, Granada. Court of the Myrtles. Muqarnas ceiling,
southeast corner niche. (A)
Alhambra Palace, Granada. Hall of the Ambassadors. (Wikimedia
Commons: <
Alhambra Palace, Granada. Ceiling of the Hall of the Ambassadors.
(Wikimedia Commons: <
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Inscription in the Hall of the
Ambassadors. “Say little and leave in peace.” (Niall Christie,
Personal Collection: <
HIST2252slides/alhambraambassinscrip.JPG>.)