Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byAmanda Holmes Modified over 6 years ago
1
Cell Structure Standard: Identify and describe the function of major plant and animal cell organelles.
2
Cells
3
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Cells can be separated into two groups. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells: NO Membrane-bound NUCLEUS Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells: have a TRUE NUCLEUS, membrane-bound Example: all cells in your body
4
Cell Parts Cells-the basic unit of life
Standard: Identify and describe the function of major plant and animal cell organelles. Cell Parts Cells-the basic unit of life Organelles-small structures inside a cell with specific functions
5
Animal Cell
6
Plant Cell
7
What is the structure and function of the organelles in both a plant AND animal cell?
Cell Membrane→ Not an organelle, protective layer around the cells Cytoplasm → Not an organelle, suspends the organelles Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Vacuole
8
Cell Membrane Function: regulates what enters and leaves the cell; acts as a gatekeeper Structure: protective flexible double-layered outer covering of the cell Allows water to move freely into and out of the cell
9
CYTOPLASM: Function: holds all the other organelles in place
Structure: a gel-like substance inside cells Place where many chemical reactions occur Cytoskeleton- helps the cell maintain or change its shape
10
NUCLEUS- The Brain Function: “Control Center” directs activities and contains information that determine a cell’s characteristics. Structure: spherical in shape, membrane bound, contains DNA, hereditary material, that is stored on chromosomes Nucleus Nucleus as seen through an electron microscope
11
Nuclear Membrane Function: Regulates what enters and exits the nucleus
Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
12
E) Nucleolus Nucleolus Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – The Mayor
13
H) Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins.
Free Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins. Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
14
MITOCHONDRIA Function: releases energy from digested food for use by the cell, powerhouse of the cell Uses glucose to provide cells with energy Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped Cells that use a lot of energy have more
15
G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER Smooth ER Function: Transportation route for proteins. Rough ER: has ribosomes Smooth ER: no ribosomes Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks
16
GOLGI BODIES/APPARATUS
Function: packages materials and moves them to the outside of the cell Structure: stacked, flattened membranes
17
VACUOLE Function: storage for water, nutrients, and/or waste
Ex: pantry in a kitchen Structure: water filled sack floating in the cytoplasm
18
J) Lysosomes Lysosomes Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Analogy – Recycling center
19
Comparing animal and plant cells:
Animal Cell Plant Cell
20
N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. Structure: Tubules
21
CHLOROPLASTS-Plants only
Function: converts sunlight into energy for the cell, where photosynthesis takes place Structure: green organelle that contains chlorophyll and other structures Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green color
22
CELL WALL- Plants only Function: gives plant cells structure and support, like a skeleton Structure: wall-like structure made of cellulose
23
Levels of Organization
Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→organism
24
From Cell to Organism One celled organisms perform all their life functions by themselves. In a many-celled organism, several systems work together in order to perform life functions efficiently. Each cell carries on its own life function while depending in some way on other cells in the organism. Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→organism student→ science class→ all your classes→ 7th grade→ middle school
25
Cell to Organism Tissue-group of similar cells that work together to do one job Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissure alive Organ- structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together Your heart is an organ made up of cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and blood tissues. Organ system- group of organs working together to perform a certain function Your heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries make up your cardiovascular system.
26
Cell Theory Rudolph Vichow hypothesized that cells divide to form new cells. The Cell Theory 1. All organism are made up of one or more cells An organism can be one cell or many cells like most plants and animals 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms. Even in complex organisms, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function 3. All cells come from cells Most cells can divide to form two new, identical cells
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.