1. The Government of the Republic

2. From Monarchy to Republic
Rome began as an independent city state
The Roman Kings
Had broad powers
Served as head of the army, chief priest and supreme judge
Ruled with consent of wealthy aristocrats called the senate
The Founding of the Republic
Over time aristocrats grew tired of royal rule
509 BCE the romans overthrew the king and formed a republic
Republic= a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, which has elected or nominated a president

3. Principles of Roman Government
Rome’s system combined various forms of government to give all citizens a role in government.
Rome’s Constitution
Constitution: system of rules by which a government is organized
Rome’s was unwritten and based on custom
Separation of Powers
Power is divided among different branches of government
System to ensure one person doesn’t have too much power
Offices were split between two or more men
Two top leaders called consuls
Limited power of officials by limiting time in office to one year

4. Principles of Roman Government
Checks and Balances
Checks and balances= powers each branch of government has has to limit the power the power of another branch of government
Each branch had its own power but one branch could stop abuse of another with its own rules
Power was divided among three branches of government
Senate, Assembly, Magistrates
Veto= to stop or cancel the action
Rule of Law
Defined= The law applies to everyone
Even elected officials

5. Roman Citizens Free Roman men were citizens of the republic
Symbol of citizenship was the toga
Rights and Responsibilities
All citizens had a right to a trial
All citizens had to serve in the army if he could afford his own armor
Patricians
From wealthy families
Plebeians
Majority of Romans
Farmers or artisans
Forced patricians to open political offices by going on strike during war

6. Assemblies and Senate Assemblies The Senate Consuls Dictators
All adults male citizens could participate
Elected officials and passed laws
The Senate
Made up of patricians
Chose by censor
Ran foreign policy, made suggestions, decided how to spend money
Consuls
Top officials in the Roman Republic
Lead the army, highest judges
Dictators
Important public official in ancient Rome
Held complete power for a limited time
In times of emergency

7. Magistrates Magistrates= Elected official who enforces the laws
Wealthy men
Elected position

8. The Roman Example The Roman Republic lasted 500 years
Many modern examples of government were inspired by the Romans
United States of America
Citizens have the right to vote
3 branches of government
Checks and balances
Rule of law

9. Tullia’s Father Saves the Republic
My World pages
What are some reasons Tullia is proud of her father?
Why are Cicero’s views about his daughter unusual in the Roman Republic?
Using examples explain Cicero’s leadership style.