2. Dictatorship

3. Why dictatorships in modern societies?

4. A Few Theories Crisis Theory
Dictatorships arise via a crisis
Examples?
Great Man Theory (reference Thomas Carlyle)
“great men” lead
Nietzsche writes that: "...the goal of humanity lies in its highest specimens“
Übermensch (German for…?)
…the genesis of a great man … Before he can remake his society, his society must make him. ”
—-Herbert Spencer, The Study of Sociology (1873)
Does Spencer agree with the Great Man Theory?

5. Four Techniques of Authoritarian Rule
Authoritarian means: power concentrated in few hands

6. 1. Use of Force: Terror, violence, secret police and military support
Those who dissent are eliminated
Examples?

7. 2. Indoctrination Media popularizes leader’s viewpoints
Education controlled
Youth groups
Propaganda
Examples?

8. 3. Controlled Participation
People are involved in activities like elections and referendums to show support for government
Symbolic
Examples?

9. 4. Direction of Popular Discontent
Deflect blame on other groups
Internal or external
Examples?

10. Types of non-democratic systems
Note: Sometimes an authoritarian government can fit more than one category

11. Absolute Monarchy Ruling family
tradition, religion, Divine right to rule
Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, although, the Quran is supposed to be the country's constitution.

12. One-Person Autocratic Rule
Not hereditary
Regime maintained by force
Suharto ->

13. Oligarchy Rule of an elite Ethnic, social, professional groups
Duvalier regime in Haiti->
Controlled Participation Example: In 1961 he had a vote to extend his rule to 1967, the official tally was 1,320,748 votes to zero.

14. Military Dictatorship
Most common form
Military personnel control political positions
Junta-military council
State of emergency often the basis for regime
Burma

15. Minority Tyranny Minority has full political rights
i.e.. South Africa under apartheid system
#1 Click to play (6 mins)
#2 Click to play (6 mins)

16. 20th Century Biographies Dictators (18 mins)
Click to play

17. Totalitarianism Distinguished from authoritarianism
Attempts to control all aspects of life and society

18. Key features of Totalitarianism
Official ideology
A single mass political party
Secret police
Mass media strictly controlled
Weapons strictly controlled
Economy is controlled

19. Models of Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism

20. Stalin Example
Manipulation of photos

21. Non-Democratic Systems Pros and Cons

22. Positives Stability Rapid decisions possible Social order
Resource management possible

23. Negatives Lack of legitimacy Inefficiency and bureaucracy
Corruption unchecked
Apathy and cynicism
Power struggles
Elitism
Persecution

24. Dictatorship Today
The lightest countries get a perfect score of 10 (democratic), while the darkest countries (Saudi Arabia and Qatar), considered the least democratic, score −10.

25. China and Tibet Tibet was occupied by China in 1951
A struggle for independence has been ongoing since that time.
2012-Self-immolation protests
Warning, graphic video ahead

26. Self immolation- Tibet
=sa_9mxYAxy4
5 mins