1. Respiratory System
Chapter 9

2. Overview: what we will cover
Combining forms of terms
Respiratory System Overview of Anatomy & Physiology
Breathing Patterns
Common Conditions of the Lung
Physical Exam and Testing
Terms to Know

3. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
alveol/o alveolus alveolar (air sac) bronch/o bronchus bronchoscope bronchi/o (airway) bronchiocele

4. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
bronchiol/o bronchiole bronchiolitis (little airway) capn/o carbon dioxide hypercapnia carb/o hypocarbia

5. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
laryng/o larynx laryngospasm (voice box) lob/o lobe lobectomy (a portion)

6. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
ox/o oxygen hypoxemia phren/o diaphragm phrenospasm (also mind) pleur/o pleura pleurisy

7. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
pneum/o air/lung pneumonia pneumon/o pneumonectomy pulmon/o lung pulmonologist spir/o breathing spirometry thorac/o chest thoracotomy pector/o pectoralgia steth/o stethoscope

8. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
trache/o trachea trachea (windpipe) uvul/o uvula uvulitis -pnea breathing dyspnea (additional suffix)

9. Respiratory System Overview

10. Respiration also known as breathing or ventilation
The exchange of gases, called respiration, occurs in the alveoli
also known as breathing or ventilation
inspiration or inhalation
intake of air (oxygen)
expiration or exhalation
outflow of air (carbon dioxide)

11. Breathing Patterns eupnea — normal breathing
bradypnea — slow breathing
tachypnea — fast breathing
hypopnea — shallow breathing
hyperpnea — deep breathing
dyspnea — difficulty breathing
apnea — inability to breathe
orthopnea — ability to breathe only in an upright position
Cheyne-Stokes – increase in depth and rate followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea. Seen in the dying patient

12. Breathing Patterns
(continued)

13. Common Conditions of the Lungs
Asthma
Atelectasis
Bronchitis
Emphysema
COPD
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax PE TB
Sleep Apnea
URI

14. Pneumothorax

15. Common Conditions cont’d
Pleural Effusion – accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity.
Empyema – pus in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax – blood in the pleural cavity

16. Physical Exam & Testing
Auscultation
Percussion
Lung Scan (V/Q scan)
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)
Spirometry
Bronchoscopy
EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound) physician makes an incision above the breast bone and then uses a mediastinoscope for biopsy. Used to diagnose lung CA, infections, and other diseases.

17. Bronchoscopy Procedure

18. Principles of Spirometry

19. Operative Terms to Know
Lobectomy
Pneumonectomy
Thoracentesis
Thoracoscopy
Thoracostomy
Thoracotomy
Tracheostomy
Tracheotomy

20. Additional Terms to Know…
Hypoxemia vs hypoxia
Obstructive lung disorder
Cpap (continuous positive airway pressure)
Anticoagulants
Heparin, Coumadin, Xarelto, Lovenox
Bronchodilator
Short acting (Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin)
Long acting (Advair, Dulera, Symbicort)
This project was funded at $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.