1. Chapter 10
SPECIAL SENSES

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State Standard
26) Gather information concerning the sensory system. Synthesize the information surrounding the structure and function of the eye, ear, nose, and mouth. Explain the processes of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. Conduct a short research project to give details on how these systems are influenced by the nervous system or the muscular system.
27) Define key terms associated with vision disorders, ear disorders, nose disorders, and mouth disorders. Write a case study based on one of these disorders using appropriate medical terminology, describing the typical profile of a person suffering from the selected disorder.
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Objectives
Students will be able to…
Identify the sensory organs of the nervous system
Identify common disorders of the sensory organs
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SENSORY RECEPTORS
Sensory receptors are structures which are stimulated by changes in the environment
They are found all over the body in the skin, connective tissue, and muscle
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The eye
1 inch sphere
Protected by the orbital socket of the skull, eyebrows, eyelids, and lashes
Continuously bathed in tears from the lacrimal duct in the inner corner of the eye
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THE EYE
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THE EYE
Sclera - outer layer or white of eye
Cornea - center and front of sclera
Choroid coat - middle of the eye
Iris - colored, muscular part
Pupil - circular opening in iris
Lens - behind iris and pupil
Retina - innermost (third) coat
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THE EYE
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PATHWAY OF VISION
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EYE DISORDERS
Conjunctivitis
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Detached retina
Vision defects
Presbyopia
Hyperopia
Myopia
Amblyopia
Astigmatism
Diplopia
Strabismus
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11. Conjunctivitis “PINK EYE”
Infammation of the conjunctival membranes in front of the eye
Redness pain swelling and discharge or mucous
Highly contagious
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Glaucoma
Excessive intraocular pressure
Destroys the retina and causes the optic nerve to atrophy
Gradual symptoms
Aching, loss of peripheral vison, halo around lights
Annually tested during eye exam
Can lead to blindness
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Cataracts
Lens of the eye gradually becomes cloudy
Usually in people above 70
Painless gradual blurring and loss of vision
Laser surgery to treat
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Detached Retina
May occur with aging or an accident
Tear in the retina
Loss of peripheral vision proceding to loss of central vision
Early detection is key
Treated by lasic surgery
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Vision Defects
Presbyopia- decreased ability to focus on close objects
Hyperopia (farsightedness)- can not see objects up close
Myopia (nearsightedness)- can not see objects far away
Amblyopia- reduction or dimness of vision
Astigmatism- irregular curvature of the cornea, blurred vision
Diplopia- double vision
Strabismus (cross-eyes)- muscles of the eyeball do not coordinate
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THE EAR
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THE EAR
The outer ear (Pinna)
collects sound waves and directs them into auditory canal that leads to the eardrum
Glands that secrete wax (cerumen) to protect the ear
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The middle ear
Cavity in the temporal bone connects to the throat by the Eustachian tube
equalizes air pressure
Contains 3 tiny bones that transmit sound waves to the ear drum
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
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The inner ear
Contains the cochlea
fluid-filled duct vibrates with sound waves
Transmits waves through the auditory nerve to the hearing center of the brain
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EAR DISORDERS
Otitis media
Infection of middle ear
Otosclerosis
Fixed immovable bones of middle ear
Tinnitus
Ringing
Presbycusis
Deafness due to aging
Meniere’s disease
Vertigo (dizziness)
Hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Blocked by wax, fluid
Sensorineural damage
Damage tothe inner ear
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Otitis Media
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THE NOSE
The human nose can detect about 10,000 different smells
Odor molecules that pass through the nose get warmed and moistened.
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DISORDERS OF THE NOSE
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the lining of the nose
Causes nasal congestion, drainage, sneezing, itching
Nasal polyps
Growths in the nasal cavity associated with rhinitis
Deviated nasal septum
Bend in the cartilage dividing the sides of the nose
Causes a block in airflow
Can be treated surgicaly
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27. Nasal Cavity

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THE TONGUE
The tongue is a mass of muscle tissue with structures called papillae
Taste buds cover the papilla, which are stimulated by sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes
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29. Group Activity
Group presentation (refer to group project grading rubric)
Everyone must participate to get a grade!!!!
Choose 1 sensory organ (eyes, ear, nose, or mouth)
Create a presentation including…
Explanation of how normal vision, hearing, smell, or taste/chew/swallowing occurs and how that organ is influenced by the nervous or muscular systems
Choose 1 disorders of this organ (do not choose one from the ppt.) and….
Research the disorder and create a case study detailing it.
Causation
Signs and symptoms
How it is diagnosed
Treatment
Patient population most commonly impacted

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Exit Ticket
Individually answer
Review questions 1, 3, 6, 8, and 9 on p. 190 in the orange anatomy book.
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Activity
With a partner complete the Station 3 rods and Cones, color blind lab activity starting on p. 148 under nervous system lab activities
Write down your findings
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