1. End of Vietnam

2. Review 1. Identify the Cold War President with his policy in Vietnam
2. What was Khe Sanh?
3. Explain the causes & effects of the Tet Offensive.
4. Discuss the candidates of the 1968 Presidential Election

3. Vietnamization “Peace with honor” Vietnamization
Nixon & NSA Henry Kissinger plan secret peace negotiations
Vietnamization
Turn fighting over to S. Vietnamese
Gradual withdraw of US troops
Secretly expanded war > bombing Cambodia & Laos

4. Protests Nixon policy Kent State Jackson State Public reaction
April 1970 announced troops in Cambodia > protests
Kent State
May 1970
Students set fire to ROTC
4 killed, 9 injured
Jackson State
9 days later
2 killed, 9 injured
Public reaction
Shocked & horrified

6. My Lai Massacre March 1968 Massacre
Lt William Calley led troops on a search & destroy mission
No Vietcong found
Massacre
US troops killed 450 women, children, elderly men

8. Pentagon Papers NY Times 1971 Daniel Ellsberg
Published secret government documents tracing US military in Vietnam since Truman
Revealed government misled public
Leak angered & embarrassed Nixon
Daniel Ellsberg
Leak (Dept. of Defense)

9. Election of 1972 Nixon v. George McGovern McGovern
Outspoken critic of war
26th Amendment ’71
Voting age reduced from 21 to 18

10. End of U.S. Involvement Peace talks stalled Christmas Bombings
Around-the-clock bombing of N. Vietnam cities
Called off without major results
Settlement Jan ’73
US withdraw troops & agree to help rebuild Vietnam
Both sides release POW’s

11. Legacy
N. Vietnam
1975 (2 years after US troops left) > N. Vietnam invades S. & captures Saigon
US rushed to evacuate Americans working in city
April 30, 1975 South Vietnam surrendered
Country reunified

12. Khmer Rouge
Cambodia
1975 Communist forces (Khmer Rouge) controlled Cambodia
Killed 2 million (1/4 population)
Border dispute > Vietnam invaded in ’79
Installed puppet gov’t
Vietnam occupied until ’89 when UN peace-keeping forces came

13. Effects on Vietnam 185,000 S. Vietnamese soldiers killed
450,000 S. Vietnamese civilians killed
1 million Vietcong troops killed
Severe environmental damage

14. Effects in US 58,000 US troops killed $150 billion spent
Survivors exposed to dangers defoliants
Not welcomed upon return
Trouble readjusting
$150 billion spent
Increased national debt & inflation
War Powers Act 1973
Affirmed Congressional constitutional right to declare war
Gave President 60-day limit on committing troops without special authority or declaration of war