1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 7
Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. Transportation Revolution
Roadways
-Turnpikes- roads for which users pay a toll.
-income used to improve roads and ease travel
-National Road- a roadway that extended west from Maryland to the Ohio River.

3. Transportation Revolution
Steamboat/Steam-Powered Ships
-easier to travel upstream against the current.
Erie Canal
-1825, runs 363 miles across N.Y. from Lake Erie to the Hudson River
-provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to cities

4. Transportation Revolution
Railroads
-cost less to build and could easily scale hills
-faster than ships
-carried more weight

5. Industrial Revolution
-Great Britain (1700s)
-changed economy, culture, social life, politics
Textile Mills/Factories
-changed the speed and volume of production
-increased pace of work
-divided labor into small tasks
-reduced amount of skill/training

6. Inventions Eli Whitney
-interchangeable parts- identical components that could be used in place of the other
-cotton gin
Samuel Morse
-electric telegraph- electrical pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals
John Deere
-steel plow
Cyrus McCormick
-mechanical reaper

7. Sectional Differences
The North
-Industrialization occurred mainly in the North
-greater access to capital- money needed to build factories
-cheap labor
-Tariff of 1816
-designed to protect American industry
-increase the price of imported manufactured goods.

8. Social Change in the North
Labor Unions
-groups of workers who united to seek better pay and conditions
Middle Class
-middle class emerges

9. Sectional Differences
The South
-boom in cotton production helped deepen the region’s commitment to slavery
-cotton gin- reduced amount of time and the cost separating the cotton seeds from the white fiber
-demand for slaves increased as cotton became more profitable

10. Economic/Cultural Consequences
-cotton production limited regional development
-plantations dispersed the population
-South did not attract immigrants to region
Cultural
-illiteracy was high
-racial division within society

11. The Age of Jackson Election of 1828 - Jacksonian Democracy emerges
- Jackson supports refer to themselves as Democrats, not Democratic Republicans
- victory symbolized the triumph of the democratic style over aristocracy
- promise the return of Jeffersonian principles: strong states and a weak federal government

12. Native American Removal
- Jackson’s supporters were mainly from the South
- Southerners expected Jackson to remove Native Americans living in the region
- many denounced their civilizations and wanted their valuable lands
- President Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s decision (land seizure was unconstitutional) and favored states’ rights in this case

13. Native American Removal
- Indian Removal Act of negotiate the exchange of American Indian lands in the South for new lands in the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears- 1838, U.S. soldiers forced Cherokees to walk from their lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma.

14. Constitutional Disputes and Crises
Tariff of Abominations- high tariffs adopted by Congress designed to promote American industry.
- the North favored these protective tariffs but the South disliked them
Nullification- states could nullify, or void, any federal law deemed unconstitutional
*many state legislatures passed resolutions rejecting nullification

15. The Bank War Jackson Opposed the Bank - ‘Money Power’
- Jacksonian Democrats disliked the second Bank of the United States- chartered by Congress in 1816
- they believed it favored rich investors, saw it as dangerous and corrupt
- business leaders valued the Bank- believed it promoted economic growth, provided a stable currency (paper money), instilled confidence.

16. The Whig Party Whigs - political party
- formed by Bank supporters after Jackson vetoed the charter renewal of the Bank
- nationalists who wanted a strong federal government to manage the economy
- broad interpretation of the Constitution
- protective tariffs, national bank
*emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-party politics in the United States.