1. Presented By: Rahul Sharma

2. What is Thermodynamics
HEAT MOTION
The branch of science that deals with transfer of heat and work (ENERGY) on a system.

3. Examples of Thermodynamics

4. Universe = System + Surrounding
Some Terminologies
Thermodynamic system
A specified collection of matter is called a system, which is defined by the mass and the composition.
Surrounding
the rest of the universe except system
System Boundary:
The walls of the system is called system boundary
Universe = System + Surrounding

5. TYPES OF SYSTEM

6. Examples of different SYSTEMS

7. Thermodynamic Equilibrium
A system is in Thermodynamic Equilibrium if it is in…
THERMAL EQUILLIRIUM (Equality of Temperature)
MECHANICAL EQUILLIBRIUM (Equality of Forces)
CHEMICAL EQUILLIRIUM (Equality of Chemical Potential)

8. Thermodynamic State, Process & Cycle
Thermodynamic State: Any point at which all the thermodynamic properties of a system can be known.
Thermodynamic Process: Any change that a system undergoes from one state to another state (or the path traced by successive states).
Thermodynamic Cycle: When the initial and final state of a system is same it is called a cycle.
1 & 2 are States
1-2 (path A)& 2-1 (path B) are
Process
1-A-2-B-1 is Cycle

9. Laws of Thermodynamics
Zeroth’s Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of thermodynamics
Third Law of Thermodynamics

10. Zeroth’s Law Thermodynamics

11. Application of Zeroth’s Law

12. First Law of Thermodynamics
Heat and Mechanical Work are Mutually Convertible
dQ = dW
Law of Conservation of Energy

13. Application of First Law
Turbines
Boilers
Heat Exchanger
Internal Combustion Engines
Steam Engines

14. Limitations of First Law
1. Heat and Work are not totally convertible
2. It does not show the direction of heat flow.

15. Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-I)
Second Law of Thermodynamics
1. Kelvin-Plank’s Statement: It states that “It is impossible to construct an engine which works on a cyclic process that can convert the total amount of heat into equivalent amount of work from a single thermal reservoir”.
Hot Reservoir
Heat reservoir
Heat Q1
Heat Q
Work (W=Q)
Work (W=Q1-Q2)
100%
Cyclic engine
Cyclic engine
Not possible
Heat Q2
Cold Reservoir 
Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-I) 
* These ‘engines’ which use heat and try to produce work are called heat engines.

16. Second Law of Thermodynamics.....................Cont.
2. Clausius Statement: It states that “It is impossible for a self acting machine to transfer heat from a low temperature body to a high temperature body without the aid of an external agency”.
Heat Reservoir (T1)
Heat Reservoir (T1)
Q1=W+Q2 Q
Machine
Work (W)
Machine Q2 Q
Cold Reservoir (T2)
Cold Reservoir (T2) 
Perpetual Motion Machine of First Kind (PMM-II) 