1. Bellwork 9/29 Who were the Junkers? Who was Otto von Bismarck?
What was realpolitik?
NOTE CHECK MONDAY

2. Imperialism in Africa

3. Manifest Destiny Popular idea in the 1830s and 1840s.
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents and beyond was both justified and inevitable.
Many Americans came to believe that it was their nation's "manifest destiny" to possess all of the North American continent.
Later in the century, this idea easily gave way to larger dreams of expanding America's influence around the world.

4. Manifest Destiny There are three basic themes to Manifest Destiny:
1. The special virtues of the American people and their institutions
2. America's mission to redeem and remake the world in the image of America
3. A divine destiny under God's direction to accomplish this wonderful task.
These are collectively known as the “White Man’s Burden” after a poem of the same name by Rudyard Kipling. The idea is that the white Americans leading imperialism tried to justify imperialism by saying it’s their job to make Africans civilized people.

5. Early Efforts Of Expansion
After fulfilling the policy of Manifest Destiny by taking land from Native Americans and expanding from coast to coast, the United States started to look overseas

6. What is an empire?
An EMPIRE is a group of countries or states that is controlled by the strongest country in the group.

7. What are Characteristics of an Empire?
They need to be able to convince other powerful countries that building an empire will not threaten the balance of power
Requirements of the Ruling Nation
Large Territory
The ruling nation thinks they will benefit economically from taking over other countries.
Large Population
Highly Trained Armies
Significant remnant population of invaded territories
The people in the ruling country need to support the conquest
The ruling nation wants to create a “buffer zone” of countries to protect itself from attack
Run by an all-powerful emperor usually along with a council
The ruling nation has a leader who can convince citizens that they are taking over other countries to help the people
Advanced technologies
The ruling nation wants to spread its religious ideals.
The ruling country also needs to have strong diplomacy

8. Social Darwinism Charles Darwin believed…
The resources of an environment are limited. Creatures produce more offspring than can possibly survive. Members of a species must compete for limited resources and for survival.
No two members of a species are exactly alike. Some traits are useful for survival; other traits are not.
Only the fittest survive.
Nature selects different traits at different times. Varieties within a species gradually create a new species (natural selection).

9. From isolationist to imperialist
American foreign policy was rooted in isolationism since 1796, so why get involved now?
Economic: demand for raw materials, desire for new markets
Military: desire to establish military presence overseas to protect economic interests abroad
Cultural: belief in cultural superiority (Social Darwinism) leads to idea that imperialism is a way to spread democracy and improve the lives of inferior people
By the late nineteenth century, the growing industrial economy of the United States was producing many more goods than the nation itself could consume. This overabundance of industrial goods led the United States to look for new markets abroad.

10. American Influences
European nations such as England, Spain, France, Russia, Portugal, Germany, and Belgium had already carved up Africa and large parts of Asia into colonies and "spheres of influence" by the late 1800s.
To remain competitive, the United States reacted to European imperialism by looking for a way to secure its own economic future through a policy of expansionism.

11. ESSAY EXAM FRIDAY! Bellwork 10/2 What is Manifest Destiny?
What is an Empire?
What were America’s 3 reasons for getting involved in imperialism?
ESSAY EXAM FRIDAY!

12. What is imperialism?
Imperialism can be defined as “a policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories”
This policy is generally associated with the establishment of colonies, but can also apply to expanding economic or political influence over independent nations

13. By the early 1900’S, AFRICA HAD BEEN DIVIDED UP BY POWERFUL COUNTRIES because of social Darwinism (the idea that only the fittest countries survive and weak countries are taken over by strong countries)

14. Imperialism in Africa, 1850 and 1914

15. The berlin conference
To avoid war with Africans or each other, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference in Berlin, Germany. Africans were not invited.
At the conference, King Leopold II of Belgium claimed the Congo Free State (which includes land and the Congo River) and Europeans demanded free trade on the Congo and Nile Rivers.

16. Belgium exploited the riches of the Congo: copper, rubber, and ivory.
Belgium brutalized the local Africans. They were forced to work for almost nothing and beaten. Their population decreased.
Leopold was forced to turn over his colony to the Belgium govt, who reduced the brutality but continued to exploit the Congo.

18. In the 20 years after the Berlin Conference, European powers claimed every corner of Africa and redrew the African map with no concern for Africans

19. Color your Africa map and make a key.
Your map does not have to be the same colors as this one.
I will be calling you one by one for note check