1. Dystocia Fetal Causes and Maternal causes
Lecturers: Dr. Masar. S. Kadhim

2. Parturition
is the normal birth Giving birth: called calving in cattle lambing in sheep farrowing in swine kidding in goats whelping in dogs foaling in horse

3. Normal calving
I: 2-6 hours (longer in heifers)
Start of labor → dilated cervix and calf in birth canal
Water sac
II: 1-2 hours (cows); 2-4 hours (heifers)
Cervix dilated,
Contractions ↑
Abdominal pushing
Delivery of calf
III: Placenta delivered (<12 hours)

5. Dystocia A.Maternal causes
1 )Force/Uterus (Expulsive defects) Uterine inertia Uterine rupture Torsion of uterus 2) Force/Abdominal Age Pain Debility Rupture diaphragm Hernia 3) Birth canal (constriction)

6. Uterine torsion

7. Uterine prolapsed

8. Hypocalcaemia ( milk fever )

9. 4) Inadequate pelvis
Immaturity
Fracture
Breed
Diet
Development
Disease
5) Insufficient dilatation
Uterine torsion
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

10. B.Fetal causes of dystocia
Fetal over size Faulty disposition Faulty dispresentation Faulty disposture Fetal death

12. Ring womb : the fetal membranes are intact, fetal fluids are present, and fetus is alive.

13. Comparison of the size of the fetus and the birth canal

14. Most common obstetrical operations
1-Forced extraction
2.Traction after correction, which includes
Repulsion
Rotation
Version
Extension of the extremities of the fetus.
3.Fetotomy
4.Cesarean section

16. Mutation: -
 Mutation is defined as those operations by which a fetus is returned to normal presentation, position, and posture by repulsion, rotation , version and adjustment or extension of the extremities

18. Dog Sitting” Position
Ventral Deviation of the Head

19. Anterior Presentation , Dorsal Position, Extended Posture
Lateral Deviation of the Head
Anterior Presentation , Dorsal Position, Extended Posture

20. Unilateral
Carpal Flexion
Bilateral CarpalFlexion

21. Anterior Presentation,
Ventral Position
Dorso Transverse
Presentation

22. Bilateral
Hock Flexion
Twins

23. VentroTransverse Presentation
Vntero Transverse
Presentation

24. Posterior Presentation,
Ventral Position,
Extended Posture
Bilateral Hip Flexion(Breech)