1. Early Man + Civilization
NCSCOS Goals

2. Causes for Movement Ice Age
More exposed land masses allowed for travel
Areas like the Bering Strait were made passable

3. Out of Africa Research shows all people originated in Africa
There are still debates as to how people spread
Homo sapiens OR Homo erectus?

4. Nomads For most of human history people have been nomads, relying on
Hunting and gathering

5. Agriculture Around 10,000 years ago people learned to farm
One of the most important turning points in human history

6. Domestication
Neolithic Revolution

7. Free Time
Allowed more time to
make tools

8. Technological Advancements
Invention of plow to till land
Pottery was used to store water, grains, and oils

9. Trade Surpluses of food allowed for possibility of trade
Increased complexity of society
Social statuses begin to emerge

10. Religion Becoming more formalized
Structures were often built for religious purposes

11. Issues with Societies Conflicts over land and resources
Dependence on crops
Spread of disease

12. The Bronze Age
Around 3000 BC
End of the Stone Ages

13. Cities More people able to live in one place
Farmers developed irrigation systems to supply crops with water
Surpluses and technological advancements allowed fewer farmers to make more food
Early societies used traditional economies, based on customs, traditions, and rituals

14. Cities to Civilizations
Early civilizations had several things in common:
Developed Cities
Organized Governments
Formalized religions
Specialization of Labor
Social Classes
Record Keeping and Writing
Art and Architecture

15. Developed Cities
Serve as political, economic, and cultural centers

16. Organized Governments
Planning, decision-making, and cooperation among people

17. Formalized Religions
Institutions created that had ceremonies, rituals, and other types of worship

18. Specialization of Labor
More jobs are needed in society
To become more effective specialization is required

19. Social Classes
Developed due to different institutions and types of specialized labor

20. Record Keeping and Writing
Need a way to stay organized and keep track of everything
Public records were needed to keep order

21. Art and Architecture
Demonstrate culture

22. Environment Weather troubles Overuse of natural resources Floods
Storms
Droughts
Overuse of natural resources

23. Trade People trade more than just goods, ideas and cultures spread too
Cultural diffusion- spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one class to another

24. Expansion More resources needed to accommodate growing numbers
Conflicts with nomads, who were usually better warriors and more mobile