1. Cell Respiration
animation overview

2. 1) Cell respiration
The process of using oxygen to release usable energy (ATP) from sugar

3. 2) Cell Respiration Reaction:
Sugar + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water + ATP
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20+ Energy (ATP)

4. 3) Photosynthesis is the opposite of cell respiration (except energy type)
In Chloroplasts
CO2 + H2O + SUN  Sugar + O2
Respiration
In Mitochondria
Sugar + O  CO2 + H2O + ATP

5. 4) Cell Respiration occurs in both plants and animals

6. Cell respiration starts with the respiratory system
Breathing –everyone does it!

7. 5) Respiratory system Brings Oxygen in Brings CO2 out
How does the Oxygen change to CO2 ??
Video demo with quiz

8. 6) In the alveoli of the lungs, Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and CO2 diffuses out

9. 7) The circulatory system brings the oxygen in blood to the cells

10. 8) Blood pathway to cells
Lungs  pulmonary artery  heart
 arteries  capillaries

11. 9) In the cells In the capillaries in the body tissues:
Greater O2 in blood diffuses into cells and Greater CO2 in cells diffuses out

12. The circulatory system also brings Sugar (glucose) to the cells

13. 10) Cell Respiration
The complex process of cells “burning” sugar (glucose) with oxygen to form usable energy called ATP

14. 11) The 2 types of cell respiration
Aerobic – “air”
Anaerobic – “NO Air”

15. 12) Aerobic cell respiration
The “Usual” process of respiration. Occurs in the mitochondria
Aerobic means “with air”
Occurs with oxygen
- Produces up to 36 ATP
per glucose

16. 13) Anaerobic respiration
Occurs without oxygen
Produces only 2 ATP per glucose
Fermentation is an anaerobic process

17. 14) Fermentation WRITE IN
Yeast and bacteria obtain energy through anaerobic respiration
Fermentation forms Alcohol, Vinegar and Lactic acid

18. 15) Cheese Cheese is made by fermentation. Hand made cheese 7 min
How its made: cheese 4 min
13 minutes

19. 16) Bacteria can only use fermentation
Because
Prokaryotes have NO Membrane organelles  so No mitochondria

22. 17) Lactic acid can form from over exercise or lack of training
Not enough oxygen can cause painful lactic acid build up in muscles

23. 18) Mitochondria the organelle where Aerobic respiration occurs
Prokaryotes have no mitochondria so they can only perform anaerobic respiration

24. 19) 3 Stages of Cell Respiration:
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

25. 20) Glycolysis Means sugar / Breaks Occurs in the cytoplasm
Glucose breaks into 2 pyruvate molecules
Forms 2 ATP and 2 NADH
Over view
C-C-C-C-C-C  C-C-C + C-C-C + 2 ATP
+ 2 NADH

26. 21) Glycolysis NET ENERGY
2 ATP must be used to initiate glycolysis.
Glycolysis produces 4 ATP
NET gain is 2 ATP

27. 22) Two Paths after glycolysis
Oxygen present
Has mitochondria
No Oxygen,
No Mitochondria
Enter Mitochondria
Ferment in cytoplasm

28. 23) Start Respiration Enter Mitochondria
Pyruvate is transported into mitochondria and becomes acetyl CoA
Oxygen is Now needed for aerobic respiration

29. 24) Krebs Cycle Occurs in Matrix of mitochondria
Pyruvate is broken into C02 molecules
PURPOSE: 
Form ATP and electron carriers
( NADH and FADH2 )

30. 25) Krebs Cycle – Goes around TWICE
TOTAL Products From 1 glucose
6 C02
2 ATP
Electron carriers
8 NADH
2 FADH2
NADH and FADH2
Must now be changed into ATP

31. 26) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Occurs in the inner
Mitochondria membrane
Purpose - Make ATP from NADH and FADH2 as electrons go through the ETC

32. 27) ETC electron flow a) NADH and FADH2 lose H+ and electrons
b) Electrons flow through ETC
c) Oxygen accepts electrons forming water with the H+

33. 28) Net ATP from aerobic respiration
2 ATP from glycolysis
2 ATP from Krebs
Rest of ATP from ETC
Each NADH = 3 ATP
Each FADH = 2 ATP
TOTAL = 36 ATP

34. QUIZ
What are the 3 stages of cell respiration? And their main purpose?
1) Glycolysis
Purpose – Split glucose, form 2 ATP 2 NADH
2) Krebs Cycle
Purpose – Form CO2, form NADH, FADH2 +ATP
3) Electron transport chain
Purpose – Use NADH + FADH2 and O to form ATP + H2O