1. Living Things
Chapter 2

2. How do we know something is living?
Section 1

3. The Characteristics of Living Things
Nutrition
taking in of materials which provide energy needed for growth
gas exchange
occurs differently at various levels of life organization
excretion
removal of waste produced by other life processes
growth and repair
Response
reaction to changes in the environment, may include movement
Reproduction
producing offspring to perpetuate the species

4. How do we know something is living?
We know something is living if it carries out the processes of gas exchange, reproduction, excretion, growth and repair, response, and nutrition.

5. What do living things need?
Section 1

6. The Needs of Living Things
Water
Food
Autotrophs
Use the food they make to carry out their own life functions
Heterotrophs
Obtain their energy by feeding from others.
Living Space
Stable Internal Conditions
Homeostasis
The maintenance of stable internal conditions

7. What do living things need?
Living things need water, food, living space, and stable internal conditions.

8. Why do scientists classify organisms?
Section 2

9. Classification
Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

10. Why do scientists classify organisms?
Scientists classify organisms into groups that allow them to study the organisms more easily.

11. How are organisms classified?
Section 2

12. Linne’s System of Classification
Organisms are named using binomial nomenclature or two names.
These two names are the genus and the species of classification.

13. Levels of Classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

14. How are organisms classified?
Organisms are classified using Linne’s system of classification. Linne’s system outlines levels of classification from the domain to the genus and species. The genus and species are used as the organism’s name. We call this double name binomial nomenclature.

15. What are cells?
Section 3

16. An Overview of Cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Structure is what something is made of and how its parts are put together.
Functions are processes.

17. What are cells?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. They form the way an organism is put together and enable the organism to perform life processes.

18. What does the cell theory state?
Section 3

19. Development of Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells are produced from other cells.

20. What does the cell theory state?
Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, they provide the function and structure of living things, and all cells are produced from other cells.

21. What does a cell look like inside?
Section 4

22. Inside the Cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
nucleolus
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi bodies
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Lysosomes

23. What does a cell look like inside?
Animal and plant cells are different but cells usually contain a cell wall or cell membrane, nucleus, and organelles.