1. China Resists Outside Influence
Imperialism
China Resists
Outside Influence

2. Setting the Stage
1793 – The Qing emperor receives an English ambassador but is not impressed with what the Englishman has to offer. China during this time is very self-sufficient. With the help of Spanish & Portuguese traders, China had everything they needed.
Rejected most outside
Influence/control

3. Decline of the Qing (Manchu)Dynasty
Never entirely controlled by colonial powers but not respected either
The Opium Wars ( )
 12 million Chinese addicted to narcotic made from poppy plants in India
 Introduced by the British to trade for tea
 Cause: Chinese officials destroy 20,000 chests of opium
 British sent invasion fleet to defeat China
 1842 – sign Treaty of Nanking
*** Result: British control Hong Kong and 4 more ports were open to Westerners. Tariffs were reduced and extraterritorial rights were given to foreigners.

4. British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India
Selling Patna Opium in China

5. Opium Den

6. Taiping (“Great Peace”)Rebellion
1850: Rebels wanted to overthrow Manchu dynasty for becoming too weak to deal with foreigners
Army consisted of one million peasants
Took control of southeastern China
Chinese govt. with help of British crushed rebellion
 took 14 years
 20+ million die
Naval battle be/ Taiping & Qing Govt.

7. Spheres of Influence

8. Sphere of Influence
Treaty of Tientsin (1858) made China more open to Westerners.
Opium could once again be imported to China
Britain took Burma while France controlled SE Asia
Russia gained territory to run a railroad through Manchuria
1894, China & Japan clashed over Korea
 Japan took over Taiwan
Americans worried that nations would carve up China
 1899, U.S. Sec. of State John Hay declares China an “Open Door Policy”
 protects U.S. trading rights in China.

9. The Open Door Policy

10. The Open Door Policy

11. Secretary of State – John Hay

12. The Boxer Rebellion Group called “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”
Goal: drive all “foreign devils” out of China
Westerners called them “Boxers”
International Force of U.S., British, French, German, Russian and Japanese = foreigners put down the rebellion
China forced to pay indemnity (damages)

13. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
“55 Days at Peking.”

14. Chinese Republic Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911
People wanted China to industrialize and have a government more responsive to needs
Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew Manchus and ruled until 1925
1925: China ruled by Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist)
 treated his people poorly
 Chiang declares war against Communists
Mao Zedong form People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
 Communist
 gains the support of peasants
Chiang Kai-shek (nationalist) vs. Mao Zedong (communist)
Mao wins

15. People’s Republic of China
After WWII, Japan driven out of China
 Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China in 1949
Result: China is now communist

16. Sun Yat-sen

17. Chiang Kai-shek

18. Mao Zedong

19. China