1. Agenda: 9/20 Place cell phone in the correct pouch
Be in your seat and ready to start when the bell rings!

2. A: Orange G: Red M: Pink
B. Orange H: Light blue N: Black
C. Yellow I: Brown O: Green
D. Black J: Pink P: Purple
E. Gray K: Blue Q: none
F. none L: Green

3. Life is Cellular

4. LIFE CAN BE FOUND IN THE FORMS:
SINGLE CELL ORGANISM
MULTI-CELL ORGANISM

5. HOW DID WE FIND OUT ABOUT THE CELL?
ROBERT HOOKE
First light microscope
Saw the cork was made of cells

6. ANTON VAN LEEUVENHOEK
-Used simple microscope to observe living organisms in water

7. MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
Plants made of cells

8. THEODOR SCHWANN Schwann cells cover axon of nerve cell
Animals made of cells
Schwann cells cover axon of nerve cell

9. RUDOLPH VIRCHOW
Cells come from pre-existing cells

10. JANET PLOWE
Cell membrane is a defined physical structure

11. Review: Biologists and Their Discoveries That Led to The Cell Theory
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuvenhoek
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolph Virchow
Janet Plowe
First light microscope, cork made of “cells”
Simple microscope, living organisms in water
Plants made of cells
Animals made of cells
Cells come from existing cells
Cell membrane is physical structure

12. What is the Cell Theory? Three Main Components:
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are basic units of structure and function.
New cells are produced from pre-existing cells.
Is It current?
YES

13. TWO CATAGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic

14. Features of ALL cells A. Plasma [cell] membrane B. DNA
C. Cytoplasm & Ribosomes
D. Obtain energy and nutrients from their environment

15. PROKAYOTE Small and simple Have cell membrane and cytoplasm
No nuclei, No membrane- bound organelles
contain DNA (circular) within cytoplasm
Includes ALL bacteria
grow, reproduce, respond to change
Some move
PROKAYOTE

16. EUKARYOTE Vary in shape, some large Have cell membrane and cytoplasm
Have nuclei and membrane- bound organelles
DNA (linear)
Some single-celled; many multi-celled
Includes ALL plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms
EUKARYOTE

17. CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

18. Cell Wall
Location:
Outer most boundary in plant, bacteria and fungi cells
Function:
Provides support & protection for cell
Helps maintain cell shape

19. Outer boundary of animal and protist cells. Outer edge of cytoplasm.
Cell Membrane
Location:
Outer boundary of animal and protist cells. Outer edge of cytoplasm.
Function:
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
Supports cell structures and provides strong barrier between cell and surroundings.

20. In all cells but bacteria cells Middle of cell Function:
Nucleus
Location:
In all cells but bacteria cells
Middle of cell
Function:
Controls cell processes
Stores DNA

21. contains pores; allows material to move in & out of the nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Location:
Surrounds nucleus
Function:
contains pores; allows material to move in & out of the nucleus

22. Chromatin Location: spread throughout the nucleus Function:
contains DNA
Pass genetic info from one generation to the next

23. Chromosomes Location: Inside and throughout the nucleus
Seen during cell division
Description:
Chromatin condenses into threads to form Chromosomes
Function:
Contains
Pass genetic info from one generation to the next
Chromosomes

24. Dark circle inside the nucleus
Nucleolus
Location?
Dark circle inside the nucleus
Function?
Makes ribosomes

25. Location:
Material inside the cell membrane but not including the nucleus
Contains organelles
Function:
Establishes living condition to supply and transport materials for cell activities
Cytoplasm

26. Extending from nucleus to cell membrane Description:
Cytoskeleton
Location:
Extending from nucleus to cell membrane
Description:
Made up of microtubules and microfilaments
Function:
Helps cell maintain shape

27. Centrioles Location: outside the nuclear envelope Only in animal cells
Function:
During cell division, centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus
Help organize the spindle that separate the chromosomes
Centrioles

28. Cilia & Flagella Location: Both extend from the surface of the cell
Description:
Cilia – numerous, short, hair-like projections
Flagella- one or two, longer whip-like structures
Function:
Both used to propel individual cells through environment
Cilia & Flagella
Cilia

29. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Location:
Extend from nuclear envelop to cell membrane
Description:
Rough E.R. – contain ribosomes
Smooth E.R. – do not contain ribosomes
Function:
Transport materials
Rough E.R. modify proteins for secretion
Smooth E.R. contains enzymes that make lipids

30. Ribosomes Location: In nucleus, cytoplasm, and Rough E.R. Function:
Produce proteins following coded instruction that come from the nucleus

31. Golgi Apparatus Location: Near E.R. and nucleus Function:
Stack of membranes that accept proteins produced by the rough E.R.
Contain enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins (“package proteins”)
Proteins then sent to final destinations

32. Lysosome Location: Throughout the cytoplasm of the cell
Rare in plant cells
Function:
Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Also a “cell cleaner” to break down old organelles and dead pathogens.
Lysosome
© 2003 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.

33. Location:
Saclike structure in the cytoplasm
Description:
Plant cells – Single, large central vacuole
Function:
Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Pressure in plant vacuole aid in support of plant cell (lack of water – wilting)
Plant Vacuole

34. Vacuoles Location: Saclike structures in the cytoplasm Description?
Animal & Protists – Small, multiple vacuoles
Function:
Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Remove excess water from cell (contractile vacuole)
Vacuoles

35. Chloroplasts Location:
Found in cytoplasm of plants, some protists and bacteria
Function:
Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules (glucose).
The name of this process?
Photosynthesis
Note: Chloroplasts contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the chloroplast.
Chloroplasts

36. Mitochondria Location: Throughout the cytoplasm
More numerous in cells that have high energy requirements.
Function:
Organelles that release energy in the form of ATP from stored food molecules (glucose)
The name of this process?
Cellular Respiration
Note: Mitochondria contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the mitochondrion.
Mitochondria
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