1. Revolution: Things Start to Change
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution:
challenge previous ideas
stays the same
1492: Columbus sails
1517: Reformation begins
1543: Copernicus and the heliocentric theory
: Galileo writes
1600s: Scientific Method
1687: Newton
Late 1600s on: Scientific Thought
Galileo
Scientific Method: empiricism,
get evidence before making theories
Newton

2. Martin Luther and the Reformation
95 Theses
1517: Reformation begins

3. Geocentric
Theory
1543: Copernicus
and the
heliocentric theory
Heliocentric Theory

4. 1600s: Scientific Method
1687: Newton
Empiricism

5. Revolution: Things Start to Change
Enlightenment:
take Sci. Rev. ideas and
apply them to everything
Wollstonecraft
Enlightenment
1637: Descartes “I think, therefore I am”
1651: Hobbes and Leviathan (social contract)
1690: Locke and Natural Rights
1700s: Philosophes and Voltaire
1748: Montesquieu and Separation of Powers
1762: Rousseau and Freedom (social contract)
1764: Beccaria and Justice
1792: Wollstonecraft and Rights for Women
1700s and on: Belief in individual and liberty
Montesquieu

6. 1651: Hobbes and Leviathan (social contract)
1690: Locke and Natural Rights
Hobbes: Life is Nasty,
Brutish and Short
Locke: Natural Rights

7. Voltaire and Montesquieu
Voltaire and satire
Montesquieu and power-checking

8. Rousseau and Beccaria Rousseau and freedom (Social Contract)
Beccaria and Justice

9. Wollstonecraft
Why the sexism?

10. The Overall Effect?
Educated, and economically powerful, people start to question why others are “better” than them
The idea that the “people” are sovereign. And government should be theirs.
Revolution!