1. The Origins of Sociology
Page 14
What was happening at the end of the 19th century???

2. Auguste Comte’s Major Ideas
Background
Frenchman ( )
Recognized as Father of Sociology
Expelled from school at an early age
Believed society had to be studied scientifically – using scientific observation
Coined the term sociology

3. Terms of Auguste Comte Positivism
The belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation
Social Statics – The study of social stability and order
Social Dynamics – The study of social change

4. Harriet Martineau Background Sociology Impact
Englishwoman (1802 – 1876)
Lost her sense of taste, smell, and hearing at an early age
A writer at an early age
Sociology Impact
Translated Comte’s Book
Linked slavery and the oppression of women
Inspired feminism

5. Herbert Spencer Background Compared society to the human body
English (1820 – 1903)
Mixed education
Became an engineer, inventor, journalist, and writer
Compared society to the human body
All work for the well being of society…

7. Herbert Spencer Ctn. Used the term Social Darwinism
What do you think that means?
Spencer believed IF left alone….
Natural social selection would ensure the survival of the fittest society
So what does Spencer think of things like welfare?
Who in America would like his viewpoints?
Particularly in the late 1800s…

8. Karl Marx Background German scholar (1818 – 1883)
Felt great concern for those in poverty
Wanted to change the world

9. Karl Marx Beliefs
Believed that all industrial societies would contain two classes
Bourgeoisie – Class owning the means for producing wealth
Proletariat – Those who labor for the bourgeoisie
Coined the term capitalist
Person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth

10. Emile Durkheim Background: French Brilliant/studied all the time
Beliefs:
Society exists because of consensus
Conformity, tradition, and family (Mechanical solidarity)
Organic Solidarity – Social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization in roles (creating dependency)

11. Emile Durkheim Ctd. Created a new way to do sociology
Used statistical techniques
Explained that suicide varied according to group characteristics rather than…. What? U
Any thoughts?

12. Max Weber Became a college professor Background:
Mother = Calvinist
Father = German Lawyer/Politician
Different values… Gave Weber a mental breakdown
Became a college professor
Wanted to understand personal intentions of groups

13. Definitions: Rationalization Verstehen
Understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others
How good are we at this?
Rationalization
The mind-set emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning
An idea after the scientific revolution

14. Jane Addams Toured Europe and saw reforms Background:
Grew up wealthy
Well educated
Witnessed government/business corruption
Toured Europe and saw reforms
Focused on social class problems
Worked with lower class/poor much of her life

15. W.E.B. DuBois Worked hard for black equality Background:
African American educator and social activist
Obtained a degree at Harvard
Worked hard for black equality
Through research he found that in Philadelphia there was less discrimination and more jobs

16. End of Section 2

17. Theoretical Perspective
Section 3 – Page 23
Read Introduction

19. Definitions 3 Major Perspectives on Sociology Theoretical Perspective
A set of assumptions accepted as true
In this case: the workings of society
See map on page 24
3 Major Perspectives on Sociology
Functionalism
Conflict Perspective
Symbolic Interactionism

20. Work Sheet

21. Functionalism How does functionalism explain social change?
How does functionalism explain society?
Emphasized contributions/functions of society
Family - ?
Economy - ?
Religion - ?
What else?
How does functionalism explain social change?

22. Functionalism Ctn.
How was the industrial revolution an example of this perspective?
Functionalists believe society will return to a stable state after some upheaval

23. Functionalism Ctn. Two kinds of functions
Manifest Functions – Intended and recognized
Latent Functions – Unintended and unrecognized
Why do you think your parents send you to school?
Why do you go to school?
With a partner find an example of a function and give a latent and manifest function for it
An Example is on page 26

24. Dysfunction Definition Negative consequence of an aspect of society
Name a couple dysfunction of various functions of society
How do functionalists view values?

25. Conflict Perspective What is the conflict perspective?
Focus on disagreements among various groups in a society
Its all about competition to get your way
The question becomes:
“Who gets what?”
Those with power – the ability to control the behavior of others

26. Activity 2 pairs of partners are needed
There will be one winner from each pair

27. How does the conflict perspective explain social change?
What is the example that the book gave to answer this question?
Think up some other examples with a partner
Which perspective is better? Functionalism or Conflict Perspective?

28. Symbolic Interactionism
What is it? What is the most important word in this definition?
Focuses on symbols groups interact with
What is a symbol?
Something chosen to represent something else
An object, word, a gesture, a facial expression, or sound
Something observable that represents something unobservable

29. Symbolic Interactionism Ctn.
There are 3 assumptions with this theoretical perspective
We learn the symbol by watching the way others react to it
Once we learn the symbol, we base our behavior on them
We use the meanings of symbols to imagine how others will respond to our behavior

30. Examples of Symbol What does the American flag mean to you?
What would happen if I changed the names of things in my classroom and made you guys use the words I made up for them?

31. What is dramaturgy?
Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances
Meaning????

32. Read Through Table on Page 27 for Review

33. Review Assignment with a Partner
Reviewing Vocabulary 1-10
Reviewing the Facts 1-6
Thinking Critically 1-8

34. Near Future Schedule
There is great end of the chapter review on pages
Test in a day or two