1. STREET LED APPROACH TO SLUM UPGRADATION
ANUJ KUMAR| DEVPRASHANTH.K| DIKSHA SINGH

2. THE CURRENT URBAN SCENARIO
31% of the Indian Population lives in Urban regions, making it one of the most rapidly urbanizing countries in the World.
27% of the Urban population, i.e., 65 million people in India live in extreme shelter poverty (slums).
These slums as defined by the UN Habitat, lacks
Durability of Housing.
Adequate living Spaces.
Adequate access to sanitation.
Adequate access to improved and portable water.
Security of tenure.
URBAN GROWTH ≈ CREATION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS (SLUMS)

3. WHAT IS STREET LED APPROACH?
The Street led approach is a method of upgrading the Slum settlements to a habitable and liveable region through the creation of streets.
The approach insists on the participatory process of design, with constant interaction with the inhabitants.
CONDUITS FOR MOBILITY
STREETS
PUBLIC DOMAIN FOR SOCIO, CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC
ASPECTS OF A SETTLEMENT
INTEGRATION OF THE SLUMS WITH CITY FABRIC
DON’T BE HAUSSMANN
BE LIKE GEDDES

4. WHY STREET LED APPROACH?
CASE STUDY: IMPACT OF STREET LED APPROACH: VIZAG, VIJAYWADA AND INDORE
93% of the households interviewed felt the mobility within the settlement and with the city had improved with an increasing influx of people in slums.
85% felt the sense of communal identity and belonging.
Road development resulted in the increased investments in housing.
The creation of street lights resulted in the prolonging of economic activities.
The settlement became more sociable by benefitting women and children.
Source: UN HABITAT, Streets as tools for Urban transformation of Slums, 2014
Street led approach of design involves the participation of local residents rather than the regular blue print approach.
The creation of streets in a slum, integrates the settlements with the rest of the city.
The street provides an identity for the residents of the settlement – increases efficiency for the local municipal and the people.
A well laid out street can bring a certain sense of identity and initiate the local residents to recreate and renovate their shelters to a better one – increases the quality of life.

5. THE FOUR IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN STREET LED APPROACH
Involve the residents in planning and decision making from the very beginning.
Careful analysis of the existing streets and residents’ perceptions.
Choices for those streets for improvement are those that are likely to bring highest social, economic, physical and mobility outcomes.
Land nearby or within the settlement must be identified to enable relocation of affected residents and to improve residential densities and efficient land use.

7. MERITS AND DEMERITS Merits: Demerits:
The development of region through a bottoms up approach.
The development of streets is conducted after a thorough study of the region. The streets are surgically developed with minimum intervention, making the approach more economical and sustainable.
The development does not disturb the existing micro culture and eco system of the locality.
Demerits:
The approach only initiates other development strategies for a full redevelopment of slums. It does not provide a full/complete redevelopment solution.
Though the approach provides the settlement with a well laid road, it offers no concrete solutions for shelter upgradation. Hence a full redevelopment needs an attachment with a separate policy for housing.
In the Indian context, better and affordable housing for the urban poor is an immediate demand. 95% of the 19 million shelter needed, has to be administered to the urban poor. The street led approach, although an important step, gives little information about the next chapter of slum upgradation. The streets are functioning now, but what about the houses? Their durability and adequacy? What next?

8. YERWADA SLUM
PUNE, India. Yerwada slum area on the outskirts of Pune. Where once there was an unplanned maze of narrow alleys, now there are spacious inner lanes. 
The Yerwada project is part of the JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION, It was led by PRASANNA DESAI ARCHITECTS in collaboration with the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers, an NGO that works on housing for the poor. Most important, unions from the slum-dwellers’ communities themselves were key players.
- The architect’s team held community meetings, with the aim of incorporating the public’s suggestions into the design. The input led to design solutions that may not otherwise have been taken into account. 
- The architect’s team began with mapping the footprints, streets and openings of seven slums across Yerwada. This informed a master plan that took into account the uses of streets, their angles and what if any semi-open spaces existed .
- Keeping as much as possible of the old neighborhood intact. Permanent structures identified through mapping were retained. Residents whose temporary homes were demolished often moved into new homes built on the same site or close to where they previously lived.
- Some of the new homes were stacked one on top of the other, or clustered together. This allowed space to be reclaimed for public streets and squares, along with some additional semi-private home spaces for verandas, patios and backyards.
- The women’s organization helped to identify skilled laborers, such as carpenters and masons, whose skills were needed in the construction process. Using local labor not only reduced the overall cost of the project but also increased public participation and the community’s ownership of the project.
-The architect’s team made makeshift spatial house models out of cloth and bamboo on a 1:1 scale. This allowed Yerwada’s residents to experience the spaces of the different housing types and voice more informed opinions and grievances about the layouts.

9. KATHPUTHLI COLONY
In 2007, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) began planning for Delhi‟s first in-situ slum rehabilitation project. It chose the Kathputli Colony (Kathputli), a jhuggi jhopri (JJ) cluster tucked into West Delhi‟s Shadipur region, as the site for this project.
Kathputli Colony is almost 40 year old slum which houses families of puppeteers, magicians, folk singers, painters, dancers, acrobats, jugglers and storytellers etc. It is estimated that there are about 2800 families that live in this slum.
- The Kathputli colony, recently, has become one the targets by Delhi Development Authority (DDA) in its initiative towards slum free Delhi.
- It will be one the first slum to have an in-situ rehabilitation i.e. the residents of the slum will be rehabilitated at their original site.
The process involves moving the people from the colony to a transit camp and then the slum area to be developed which will include the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) flats built for the slum dwellers along with high rise buildings.
The DDA has sold off the land to a private builder who will make luxury flats and a mall in place of the Kathpulti colony.
A marginal part of the so called developed land will have the EWS flats.
The people living in the Kathputli colony have been resisting this development plan of DDA for a few years now. But it’s been years of struggle for them without any fruits.
About to get evicted, the artists are less worried about the displacement as they are about loss of the traditional art. Many of the artists have instruments and artefacts which are impossible to keep in a EWS apartment.
The puppeteers have more than ten feet puppets, the singers have instruments which weigh 80 kgs.
The magicians have gadgets which are to be used only in open and other such issues, which make these artists worry about their rehabilitation in the EWS flats.
Another concern is the loss of their land. They are fighting the legal battle to give them plots in the same place instead of flats so that they can keep their art alive. 
Model of EWS High-rise apartment unit, built in Kathputli Colony