1. Introduction
Attention getter: When we think about the Earth, we always assume that it will be here forever. Although if we keep treating it the way we do by polluting it, that will not be the case. But if humans can no longer live on Earth where will we all go? The answer is Mars.

2. Mars may seem like a stretch, a far off dream that only a few scientist have, but Mars is the next place humans will go and a very real next home for humans. But this goal is still very far off, and in order to make it there someday we will need to create a way to make space flight cheaper.

3. Reusable space launch systems
Stephanie Ollom
College of Engineering
Penn State
21 April 2016
Formal introduction
My name is Stephanie Ollom, I’m an Aerospace Engineering major, and today I will be talking to you about the benefits reusable space launch systems have, specifically for our journey to Mars. There are two major companies working on this now, Blue Origins and SpaceX. I will be talking to you today about SpaceX’s reusable Falcon 9 rocket since Blue Origins is sub-orbital.
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4. Reusable launch systems cheapen the cost of space flight which aids in the journey to Mars.
Thesis:
Creating reusable space launch systems significantly reduces the cost of space flight allowing us to reach LEO, launch satellites and do research, which aids in the journey to Mars.
Preview:
First today I will be talking to you about the current astronomical prices of going to space, next I will be discussing a reusable rocket still currently under development, the Falcon 9 by SpaceX, and finally I will be discussing the benefits of this new technology.

5. Reusable launch systems cheapen the cost of space flight which aids in the journey to Mars.

6. Reusable launch systems cheapen the cost of space flight which aids in the journey to Mars.

7. The cost of reaching Earth’s orbit is astronomical.
Main points
Cost
The space shuttle is reusable, but it’s rockets are not
There are many things that go into a space shuttle launch, such as boosters, fuel tanks, and the shuttle it self.
And because of all the new parts needed and the fuel for the launch it cost around 480 million dollars for every launch, according to NASA
Over the 30 year span that the space shuttle was in service, NASA spent $196 billion on it
Pinchefsky, Carol. “Forbes.” N.p., 12 Apr Web.
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8. The cost of reaching Earth’s orbit is astronomical.
Cost continued
But that was when the United States and NASA were sending astronauts into space themselves.
Today we don’t have a launch system in place to go to the International Space Station
We solely rely on the Russians to get us to space in the Soyuz rocket shown above.
What is the most expensive plane ticket that you have ever bought? Probably around 1 or 2 thousand dollars. Not horrible
It will cost the United States above $70 million per seat to send an astronaut to the ISS aboard the Soyuz in 2017
Source: nasa.gov
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9. Sending astronauts to space is crucial for research on the effects of long terms space travel.
Going to space is critical and something that NASA can’t afford to stop doing.
NASA and many other companies are preforming thousands of science experiments aboard the ISS as we speak, researching things that can only occur in microgravity.
Scott Kelly, the NASA astronaut, just finished his year in space aboard the ISS doing research while also being the first human to do so.
His dedication helps us see the long term affects microgravity has on the body and if we can withstand a trip to Mars one day.
Source: Nasa.gov
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10. SpaceX is developing a reusable space launch system that allows critical parts to be reused.
The way the Soyuz and many rockets that send satellites into space work is that every time they are used they burn up in the atmosphere and lay at the bottom of the ocean.
Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and Blue Origins, compares the current technology to flying a Boeing 747 across the country once and then throwing it away, which obviously sounds ridiculous to do
2) Falcon 9 Rocket
Instead of throwing a rocket away every single time you use one, wouldn’t it be beneficial to keep using it? That is why we need new technology in going to space.
That is what Elon Musk is trying to accomplish at SpaceX with his Falcon 9 rocket.
They are developing a rocket that will launch like any other rocket, but instead of having the first stage and soon hopefully the second stage, burn up in the atmosphere upon re-entry, it will maneuver and land on a drone ship, available to be reused with some refurbishments.
If this is successful, the only extra cost of launching would be replacement parts that were damaged during flight, and the cost of fuel.
Moshner, David. “Tech Insider.”, < N.p., 8 Apr Web.

11. SpaceX is developing a reusable space launch system that allows critical parts to be reused.
Mapped out flight path of the rocket
Launches like normal rocket
Ascents into space
After the first stage separation occurs, and the first stage has left Earth’s atmosphere the Falcon 9 gets flipped around by cold gas thrusters
Next it preforms a boostback burn that provides trajectory towards the drone ship
During the re-entry burn the engines light again to slow down the first stage
Through guidance the first stage preforms a vertical landing on a drone ship, no small feat considering it was in the Earth’s orbit moments prior.
SpaceX has only recently been able to successfully land the first stage on the drone ship about 2 weeks ago, after a few failed attempts.
They plan adding to this by someday hopefully recovering the second stage as well.
Source: spacex.com
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12. Using reusable and American made rockets significantly lowers costs of going to space
On this graph you can see how the price of launching into space significantly decreases with the use of the reusable Falcon 9 rocket.
The graph shows the price per kilogram to reach Low Earth Orbit over the number of launches with a reused Falcon 9 rocket
The expendable costs of the Falcon 9, and the Falcon 9 heavy, which is a larger version of the Falcon 9, are things like fuel and repair parts.
By the tenth re-use of the rocket, if both the first and second stage could be recovered, it would cost only around $200,000 for fuel plus the cost of replacement parts to launch
That is a a significant reduce in price considering it costs to launch now is upwards of $60 million
Source: spacex.com
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13. Not only do these rockets make for cheaper satellites and maned missions, it opens the doors to going to Mars.
3) Journey to Mars
With a steadily increasing population, and no signs of slowing down, and not to mention a carbon dioxide emission problem that is creating a greenhouse affect, who knows how long humans have left on Earth.
But were humans meant to die out with the Earth?
Scientists at NASA and CEO of SpaceX, Elon Musk, don’t seem to think so
Elon Musk specifically wants to “colonize mars” and send a million people to the red planet to build a backup for human life
Source: Daines, Gary. “NASA.” N.p., 12 Sept Web.
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14. Mars is the next frontier for mankind.
Although this is not the only reason why we want to go to Mars
It is the next natural frontier for mankind
We have been to the moon, and now we have our sights set on the next closest thing
NASA has planned missions to an asteroid where astronauts will collect samples and bring them back to Earth
According to NASA administrator Charles Boldin going to Mars would benefit us not only in scientific ways, but in political and economical ways as well
Cofeild, Calla. “Space.com.” N.p., 12 Apr Web.
nasa.gov

15. Mars could be mankind’s next home if today’s pollution problems aren’t fixed.
You’re great great great grandchildren could maybe call Mars home one day, but that will only be possible in the first place if we make it there
The work Elon Musk and SpaceX are doing is expediting this significantly and saving you on tax dollars
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16. Conclusion
Today I’ve talked to you about the ridiculous cost of going to space today, the new technology being developed at SpaceX to reuse rockets and the benefits of not having to throw a rocket away after every use.
With the reusable Falcon 9 we will be able to do so much more in space, including someday reaching mars.