1. Dr. Sukhwinder Singh Cheema
Survey Method
Dr. Sukhwinder Singh Cheema

2. Etymological Meaning Survey has be derived from Latin words
‘sur’ + ‘veeir’
or = over +see
‘sor’ + ‘veir’
So in Survey we try to observe things as the exists in present

3. Survey is a method to study :
Conditions and relationships as they exists
Practices an believes as they prevails
Attitude as held in any process
Influences felts and trends growing
So Survey mean to form general idea about conditions on the basis of inspection.

4. Definition
“ A survey is a critical inspection often official to provide exact information”
Webster’s new collegiate Dictionary
“A survey is a method which depends upon inductive technique to get first hand information about a phenomenon with the purpose to justify the current conditions and practices to make more intelligent decisions for future”
Norman

5. Basic PRINCIPLES
Principle of Purposefulness: Why doing certain things?
Principle of Activity: Child is active by nature, has instinct of curiosity, and energetic, should involve in physical and mental activities
Principle of Learning by doing: Best method of learning
Learning by living: Correlation with life
Children learn better through association, cooperation and activity
Principle of reality: Should be near to life reality
Principle of Utility: Project should be useful for individual and society
Principle of Planning: Project demand planning

6. TYPES OF PROJECT
Normative/ Descriptive Survey: The descriptive survey method and personal interviews were used to gain tangible information from the users of the interchanges. Leedy (1980: 97) defines the descriptive survey method or (normative survey method) as a process through which the data is collected by the researcher using observations.
 Quantitative Survey:
Quantitative survey is about asking people for their opinions in a structured way so that you can produce hard facts and statistics to guide you. To get reliable statistical results, it's important to survey people in fairly large numbers and to make sure they are a representative sample of your target population.
Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research. Quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than Qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations.

7. TYPES OF PROJECT Qualitative Survey:
Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem. Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews, and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfil a given quota.

8. TYPES OF PROJECT Case Study:
Case study survey research is a research design in which a survey is administered to a case, either a small sample or an entire population of individuals, to describe an aspect or characteristic of that population. 

9. TYPES OF PROJECT Case Study: Historical Survey:
A Historic Resources Survey is a systematic method of documenting historic resources through fieldwork and research. Each historic resource is documented with photographs, maps, and a written description on a form. Undertaking a survey to identify historic resources acknowledges that these resources have value to the community and future generations. Historic resources provide character, continuity and a sense of uniqueness to the community. Survey is fundamental to historic preservation because it results in the identification of historic resources, helps determine which of those resources should be preserved and can be essential in shaping local ordinances, guidelines or downtown master plans to protect these resources. The purpose of completing a local survey is to gather the information needed to plan for the wise use of a community’s resources.
Historic resources are districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture.

10. STEPS / Procedure of Project method
1. Creating Situations or Selection of the problem: :
Create problematic situations, which demand heavy efforts
as per interest time, finance and individual capacity and efforts
Problem should be simple and closely connected with life
2 Defining Problem :
Clearly defined and statement must be identify the variables
3 Identification of Data:, students should list the data and its types Quantitative or Qualitative, Scheme of collection.

11. STEPS / Procedure of Project method
4. Selection or Development of tools:
To prepare tool: Questionnaire, Interview , rating scales, for the data collection
Simple, easy , direct and clearly stated
Cover all the aspects
Problem should be simple and closely connected with life
5. Selection of Sample:
random, Convenient sampling, lottery system
6. Collection of facts and figures:
From texts books, references books, reports, surveys and other documents

12. STEPS / Procedure of Project method
7. Analysis and interpretation:
Analyze facts and figure, and content analysis of view, opinions , arrange in sequence
interpret in light of objectives
8 Draw Conclusions:
which accepted
Which rejected
Agreed and disagreed
9. Reporting and Recording:
Report writing for review at any time
Recording for future consultation

13. Purpose of Survey 1. To Collect information about: i. What exists?
ii. What ought to be?
iii. How to be achieved?
2. Preliminary step for research
3. Direct Source of Valuable information
4. To solve Problem
5. For Future Palnning

14. Characteristics of the Survey
Cross Sectonal Approach: to study economy by dividing on the basis of Income, Education, type of family, Locality
Definite Objectives
Clearly Defined aims
Careful analysis and interpretation
Skilful and Logical reporting
Verbal and Non Verbal Results
More realistic for Social Sciences
Can study more variable at a time
Based on the principle that problem varies in complexity
Helpful to solve problems

16. ROLE OF THE TEACHER To create the problems To select the Problem
To allocate the duties
4. Help the students in developing tools
5. Assist students to Generate Resources(Financial and Material) .
6. To organize data: During execution of the survey teacher should help the students to organize raw data in meaningful way.

17. ROLE OF THE TEACHER
7. Help in interpretation of data 8. Help to draws conclusion 9. Writing reports 10. Teacher should assess and observe the group/ and individual performance of the students in the successful completion of the project. 11, Evaluation: Evaluation of the Project work and Reports submitted by the Group. 12. Maintenance of Record for timely review and Future Consultation: 13. Feed back and appraisal:

18. ADVANTAGES
Psychological laws of learning: It is a method of teaching based on psychological laws of learning through Experiences
Students centered: It is students centered and provide scope to entertain Individual Differences( Interest, Capacity and Aptitude).
Provide first hand experience: Learning by Doing is basic Premises of the Philosophy , so activity Take Central Stage
Develop spirit of cooperation/ Cooperative Venture: It imbibes the spirit of cooperation as it is a cooperative venture.

19. ADVANTAGES
Stimulates interest: Stimulates interest in natural as also man made situations.
Self-confidence: It develops self-confidence among students.
Self-discipline: It develops self-discipline among students.
Spirit of scientific Enquiry:
It develops spirit of scientific enquiry.
Develop problem Solving Ability:
This method develops the problem solving ability to the students. It makes the students as independent

20. ADVANTAGES
Real work experience: By involving Students in, it gives the real work experience to the students.
Develops the social qualities and demeocratic citizenship:
It develops the social and democratic qualities in the students’ heart.
Develops the habit of self learning:
Develop skill of developing tools:
By this the students learn to develop tools
Arouse interest:
It can be used to arouse interest in a particular topics as it blends school life with outside world.

21. ADVANTAGES
Permanent Learning: Develop Logic, reasoning and critical thinking Make them able to take decisions Basis for Higher order learning

22. LIMITATIONS It is a time consuming method.
It is a very costly method as it involves tours, excursions, purchase of apparatus and equipments etc.
No Wider Scope:
All topics are not able to teach through this method.
No for all Age Groups:
It is not applicable for all school age groups.
Literature is not available:
Good textbooks on these lines have not yet been produced.
Un-systematic Learning:
The method of organizing instruction is un-systematized and thus the regular time table of work will be upset.
Sometimes the projects may be to ambitions and beyond pupils capacity to accomplish.

23. LIMITATIONS Not for slow and poor learner:
Beyond the Student Capacity:
Sometimes the projects may be to ambitions and beyond pupils capacity to accomplish.
Overburden for Student:
Not Economic:
Teacher are not competent:
Curriculum design not support:
Over crowded, lengthy and Heavy:
Not for slow and poor learner:
Examination system not based on this
Bright students get more benefit