1. American Revolution

3. AMERICAN REVOLUTION
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was the French and Indian War, and how was it a cause of the American Revolution?

4. Causes of the American Revolution
Long term (Underlying)
Taxation without representation
French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Restrictions on trade (tariffs, smuggling, boycotts)
Immediate
Stamp Act
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts
Declaration of Independence

5. Spain claimed Florida and Mexico
France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements
Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast
North America 1754

6. Origins of the French and Indian War
France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continent
Both countries feared the other would gain the most power
France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British had a better navy
Both sides had allies with certain Indian tribes

7. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 CONFLICT and CHANGE CAUSE
ENGLAND AND FRANCE WANTED TO CONTROL THE SAME LAND-Ohio R. Valley
FRANCE HAD INDIAN ALLIES THAT THEY TRADED WITH
ENGLAND HAD COLONISTS WHO WANTED TO SETTLE THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY
EFFECT (CHANGE)
ENGLISH WON THE WAR- Treaty of Paris 1763
COLONIES EXPANDED THEIR BOUNDARIES WESTWARD (GEORGIA BOUNDARY BECAME THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER)
ENGLAND ACQUIRED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN
BRITISH GOV’T BEGAN TAXING THE COLONISTS TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR – THIS BECAME THE 1ST CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
CONFLICT
and
CHANGE

10. Georgia and the Aftermath
Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi River
Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and in the coastal region

12. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the Proclamation of 1763?
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was the Proclamation of 1763?

13. Proclamation of 1763 After the end of the F&I War, King
George III issued the Proclamation of 1763…
Settlers could no longer settle West of Appalachian Mountains
Land was given to the Native
Americans-avoid conflict
Temporarily slowed westward expansion-colonist

14. Georgia under the Proclamation 0f 1763
Georgia’s southern boundary was set at St. Mary’s River
Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

16. ESSENTIAL QUESTION AMERICAN REVOLUTION
How was Georgia’s role in the Revolutionary War affected by the attitudes of the colonists?

17. Unhappy with British Acts
Great Britain needed money; much debt and security expenses resulted from the French and Indian War
Sugar Act: tax on sugar and molasses imported from the West Indies-taxation without representation
Townshend Acts: placed import taxes on tea, paper, glass, and coloring for paints
Stamp Act: tax on newspapers, legal documents, and licenses
Georgians disapproved of these acts

18. STAMP ACT - 1765 First direct British tax on American colonists.
Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp or British seal.
The Stamp would cost money.
The colonists didn't think they should have to pay for something they had been doing for free.
They protested.
Stamp Act repealed(removed) in March 1766
The Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act.
The Stamp Act Congress also gave the colonists a model for the Continental Congress.

20. Georgians who came together to oppose the Stamp Act
The Liberty Boys
Georgians who came together to oppose the Stamp Act
Part of a larger group, the “Sons of Liberty”
Georgia only colony to actually sell the stamps

21. Boston Massacre
March 1770
Colonists threw snowballs at British soldiers and called them names
Soldiers fired into the crowd killing five colonists
Crispus Attucks a freedman was the first to die
Enraged colonists and increase the support for war with Britain

22. Boston Tea party
Colonist dressed as Indians, stormed ships in Boston, threw tea into the harbor
Response to Tea Act of 1773
Tea Act of 1773
Allowed the East India Company to sell
tea at a cheaper price directly to the colonists.
Monopoly on tea

23. INTOLERABLE ACTS
To bring the colonies under control, Britain’s Parliament passed several acts:
1. Closing of Boston Harbor until damages from Boston Tea Party were paid for
2. Outlawing patriot groups such as the Sons of Liberty; and allowing colonists to assemble for only one town meeting a year.
3. British troops in colonies who committed a crime were tried back in British courts, not colonial courts
4. Quartering Act – house and feed British soldiers

25. First Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia in September to protest “Intolerable Acts” levied against the Massachusetts colonists
Urged colonies to establish “Committees of Safety”
Agreed to stop all trade with Britain
Carried on its work in secret
“Provincial Congress” held in Savannah in January 1775; less than one-half of Georgia’s parishes were represented
Georgia was not represented

26. Second Continental Congress
Meeting in Philadelphia in the summer of 1775
All thirteen colonies attended the meeting
Declaration of Independence was created and adopted at the meeting
Thomas Jefferson-wrote the Declaration of Independence
Lyman Hall was the first representative from GA. at the meeting

27. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
The Declaration of Independence was a formal document that was written on July 4, 1776 to officially announce the colonies' break from Great Britain.
Three main parts to the document
Preamble-states the reason for the document
List of grievances against King George III
Actual declaration of independence officially severing ties with Great Britain
Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence
Button Gwinnett
Lyman Hall
George Walton

29. AMERICAN REVOLUTION
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What role did Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton play in the American Revolution?

30. Button Gwinnett, George Walton, and Lyman Hall were the three Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence.

31. Button Gwinnett Born: England, about 1735 Died: Savannah, May 19, 1777
Signed Declaration of Independence
Governor of GA. 1777
Played key role in getting the GA constitution of 1777 passed

32. Signed the Declaration of Independence
Lyman Hall Born: Wallingford, Connecticut, April 12,1724 Died: Burke County, Ga. October 19, 1790
Signed the Declaration of Independence
Governor of GA
Helped Establish UGA

33. George Walton Born: Farmville, Virginia, about 1749 Died: February 2, 1804, Augusta, Georgia
Signed the Declaration of Independence
U.S. Senator, Governor of GA. in 1779

34. What is the difference between a LOYALIST and a PATRIOT?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What is the difference between a LOYALIST and a PATRIOT?

35. American Revolution Groups
LOYALISTS (Tories)
Those loyal to England and did not want the colonies to break away from the mother country.
Though Georgians opposed British trade regulations, many hesitated to join the revolutionary movement that emerged in the American colonies in the early 1770s and resulted in the Revolutionary War ( ). The colony had prospered under royal rule, and many Georgians thought that they needed the protection of British troops against a possible Indian attack.
PATRIOTS (Whigs)
Colonists who opposed British rule and wanted to break away and form their own country.
These colonists were angered over the many ACTS (rules and taxes) that they were force to pay, especially since they had no voice in government (Parliament). The slogan “no taxation without representation” was what they rallied behind. The Patriots would eventually fight the British in the American Revolutionary War.

36. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What role did Nancy Hart, Austin Dabney, and Elijah Clarke play in the American Revolution?

37. Revolutionary Heroine
Nancy Hart
Revolutionary Heroine
5-6 British soldiers invaded her home
Demanded a meal
She cooked, they drank
As they ate, she slipped out their weapons
She held them at gunpoint
Killed 2, held others until husband arrived
Remaining soldiers were hanged
Georgia's most acclaimed
female participant during
the Revolutionary War
Hart county is named in her honor

38. BATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK
The most important event to occur at Kettle Creek took place on Sunday, February 14, 1779.
On that morning 600 American supporters of the British cause, popularly known as Loyalists or Tories, encamped atop a hill in a bend of the creek.
Elijah Clarke and other patriot soldiers were able to defeat the loyalists and prevented the British from invading northern Georgia.

39. Elijah Clarke
Elijah Clarke was a patriot and a hero of the Revolutionary War from Georgia. Clarke County is named for him. On February 14, 1779, Clarke led a charge in the rebel victory at Kettle Creek, Georgia.

40. -Austin Dabney was a slave who became a private in the Georgia militia and fought against the British during the Revolutionary War ( ).
-Severely injured in the Battle of Kettle Creek
He was the only African American to be granted land by the state of Georgia in recognition of his bravery and service during the Revolutionary War
Austin Dabney

41. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What is significant about the siege of Savannah during the Revolutionary War?

42. So, what is significant about the Siege of Savannah?
In 1779, Patriot forces with the help of the French navy tried to regain control of Savannah, but were badly defeated by the British army.
The British controlled the colony of Georgia until 1783 when the Treaty of Paris was signed – when Britain officially gave up the fight to keep control of the colonies – ending the Revolutionary War.