1. HPS 2112: ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS
pgd wed. 1-4
School of Entrepreneurship, Procurement and Management (SEPM); Department of Entrepreneurship and Technology, Leadership and Management (ETLM)
HPS 2112: ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS
Prof. Henry M. Bwisa
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

2. Disclaimer
Some materials used in compiling these notes were obtained from a number of internet sources. This was done in full recognition of copyright and plagiarism rules and regulations and the aspects which allow for fair use including teaching purposes.

3. My delivery philosophy
1946
Confucius 450 BC
David Kolb
Benjamin Bloom 1956
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

4. Teaching method and instructional materials
INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
Lectures and readings
Group and individual assignments and discussions
Field studies and observations
Case studies
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Boards, lecture notes, reading materials, case studies/successful stories, computer, and projector.
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

5. CHANGES IN SEMESTER DURATION WILL BE ACCOMMODATED ON PRO RATA BASIS
COURSE STRUCTURE
ACTIVITY
START-END
DURATION
% OF
TOTAL
TIME
CLASSROOM LECTURES
WEEK 1-4
4 WEEKS 27
FIELD WORK
WEEK 5- 11
7 WEEKS 47
CLASS PRESENTATIONS
WEEK 12-14
3 WEEKS 20
EXAMINATION
WEEK 15
1 WEEK 06
TOTALS
WEEK 1-15
15 WEEKS
100
CHANGES IN SEMESTER DURATION WILL BE ACCOMMODATED ON PRO RATA BASIS
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

6. Unit course assessment
ASSESSMENT MODE MARKS
Class participation %
Group presentations %
Continuous assessment tests %
End of semester project %
TOTAL %
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

7. Course evaluations
The course will be evaluated via class participation, group presentations and an end of semester project as an examination
CATs will comprise of regular classroom queries and class presentations
End of semester project will be a practical assignment that addresses real issues in the Kenyan environment and calls for the application of the theoretical knowledge gained from this unit in particular and other course units in general
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

8. The philosophy and approach of the course
The course will be conducted on Confucius’ philosophy of:
I hear and I forget
I see and I remember
I do and I understand
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

9. References MAKE COMPREHENSIVE USE OF THE INTERNET ENGINES
For general aspects visit
5/30/2016
H.M.BWISA

10. Meaning of skill; entrepreneurial skills
Skill is the ability to do something well; expertise; an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practiced it
Entrepreneurial skills are the basic skills necessary to enable you start, develop, finance and succeed in your home enterprise.
Entrepreneurial skill can be defined as the ability to create something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic and social risks, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence (Hisrich & Peters, 2002).
Entrepreneurial skill is the ability of an individual to exploit an idea and create an enterprise (Small or Big) not only for personal gain but also for social and developmental gain (Olagunju, 2004).

11. The need to develop entrepreneurial skills among students in the classroom has taken a global dimension due to growing graduate unemployment and economic recession. School-industry link is one of the pedagogy practices to enhance students learning of entrepreneurial skills in the classroom. Linkages between educational institutions and industries allow students to explore the opportunities of self employment through the practical and direct involvement of local businesses.

12. CAT AND EXAMINATION ASSIGNMENTS
In a group of not more than three:
1. Select a given product/service/technology/problem etc that you think requires an innovation
2. apply the scamper technique to it.
3. design the innovation for presentation in class
Your presentation should cover the following aspect:
a) name of the innovation
b) problem it addresses
c) aspect(s) of scamper involved
EXAMINATION
Brand yourself as an entrepreneur, identify a business you want to start and present its canvas.

13. Personal branding

14. Your Business Canvas template

15. Guide to filling business canvas
My business will be………………
Customer Segments: Who will be your customers?
Value Propositions: What value will you give the customers with your business?
Channels: How will you reach the customers?
Customer Relationships: How will you be interacting with the customers?
Revenue Streams: How will the business earn money?
Key Activities: What uniquely things will you do or offer?
Key Resources: What resources will you need?
Key Partnerships: What partnerships might/will you require?
Cost Structure: What will be your key areas for expenditure?

16. RULES FOR THE END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION
YOU MAY WORK IN GROUPS BUT THE END PROJECT MUST BE INDIVIDUAL
PROJECTS FOUND TO BE SIMILAR WILL BE CONSIDERED AN EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY (CHEATING) AND MARKED OUT OF ZERO PERCENT
A SOFT COPY OF THE PROJECT MUST BE SUBMITTED TO LATEST A DAY BEFORE THE OFFICIAL UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION DATE
A HARD COPY MUST BE SUBMITTED (NO PRESENTATIONS) IN PERSON ON THE OFFICIAL UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION DAY
EVERY STUDENT WILL SIGN THE EXAMINATION ROLL CALL ON SUBMISSION OF THE HARD COPY
FAILURE TO SUBMIT BY THE SAID DEADLINES WILL BE DEEMED AN EXAMINATION FAILURE I.E. A ZERO MARK WILL BE AWARDED

17. Course description
Entrepreneurship and self employment. Importance of self employment. Entrepreneurial opportunities; business opportunities and matching skills and resources to changing technology. Entrepreneurial awareness; types of business finance, problems of starting and operating a small enterprise, entrepreneurial motivation, internal motivation factors. Techniques of self assessment and external motivation factors. Entrepreneurial competencies. Enterprises management and business planning.

18. SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS VISUALIZE SUCCESS ENTREPRENEURIALLY
LETTER
MEANING
REMARKS S
SET YOUR GOAL
Entrepreneurs set SMART goals. They believe that if you do not know where you are going then you either go nowhere or any road will led you there U
UNDERSTAND THE OBSTACLES
Entrepreneurs belief that a slip is not a fall. They see opportunities in obstacles C
CREATE POSITIVE MENTAL PICTURE
Entrepreneurs always see the glass as half-full never halfway or half empty; they are realistically optimistic
CLEAR YOUR MIND OF SELF DOUBT
Entrepreneurs are self-confident E
EMBRACE THE CHALLENGE
Entrepreneurs take calculated risks to address the challenges they face
STAY ON TRACK
Entrepreneurs are focussed. They keep the eye on the ball
SHOW THE WORLD YOU CAN DO IT
Entrepreneurs think globally even if they may act locally

19. Entrepreneurs convert from poor to rich
PASSING R
REAP O
OVER I
INCOMES
OPPORTUNITIES C
CONSISTENTLY &
REPEATEDLY H
HONESTLY

20. TOOL FOR MORE GREAT IDEAS
SCAMPER METHOD
TOOL FOR MORE GREAT IDEAS

21. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
SCAMPER is attributed to Bob Eberle, author of books about creativity for children aimed at teachers.
SCAMPER is a great way to stimulate innovation or to modify existing products or ideas. To use it, you can apply any of 7 different actions to your ideas.
02/06/2018 *

22. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
SCAMPER stands for
S Substitute (components, materials, people)
C Combine (mix, combine with other assemblies or services, integrate)
A Adapt (alter, change function, use part of another element)
M Modify/Magnify/Minify (increase or reduce in scale, change shape, modify attributes)
P Put to other uses
E Eliminate (remove elements, simplify, reduce to core functionality)
R Rearrange/Reverse (turn inside out or upside down)
02/06/2018 *

23. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
02/06/2018

24. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Substitute
white board
for black board
02/06/2018 *

25. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Substitute
Bamboo
for metal
02/06/2018 *

26. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Substitute
Solar power
for kerosene
02/06/2018 *

27. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Substitute
aluminium
for steel
02/06/2018 *

28. SCAMPER Combine your ideas (i.e. spoon + fork = spork) 6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

29. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Combine
spoon + fork = spork
02/06/2018 *

30. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Combine
shampoo+ oil
02/06/2018 *

31. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Combine
CNG + electric
02/06/2018 *

32. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Combine
car + scooter
02/06/2018 *

33. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Combine
motorcycle +
kneeling chair
02/06/2018 *

34. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Adapt
road bike into a mountain bike
02/06/2018 *

35. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Adapt
bicycle as a farm tiller and seeder
02/06/2018 *

36. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Adapt van as a mobile office
02/06/2018
Volkswagenpedia.org *

37. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Adapt computer fan mimics owl’s wing
02/06/2018 *

38. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Adapt
robotic arm
mimics an
elephant’s
trunk
02/06/2018 *

39. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Magnify
Stretch Limousine
Minify Desktop into a Notebook
Modify
(which can be either of the above)
02/06/2018 *

40. SCAMPER Modify (i.e. SUV with retractable roof
Magnify (i.e. stretch Hummer)
Minify (i.e. desktop into a laptop)
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

41. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Put to other uses
car tyres used as swings
02/06/2018 *

42. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Put to other use
Mirror - rear view
02/06/2018 *

43. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Put to
other use
Bottle as a
display case
02/06/2018 *

44. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Put to
other use
CD Drive as a
clock
Source:
02/06/2018 *

45. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Put to
other use
Car exterior as
solar panels
Eve Concept Vehicle
02/06/2018 *

46. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Eliminate
cordless telephone
02/06/2018 *

47. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Eliminate
reverse gear
360 deg
rotating
cabin
Nissan Pivo 2
02/06/2018 *

48. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Reverse/Rearrange
motor run backwards = a generator
02/06/2018 *

49. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Reverse/Rearrange
exchange the position of the digital display and the buttons
buttons easier to press as they are larger
angled time display is easier to read
02/06/2018 *

50. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation*
07/16/96
SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Reverse/Rearrange
reverse door peep-hole
see into a room from the outside
02/06/2018 *

51. Nano Design - SCAMPER 2-Cylinder Engine
No Air-bag / AC / Power Windows
Adapt
Eliminate
Adhesive for Welding
Substitute
Plastic for Metal
Size just 10ft X 5ft X 5ft
Minimize
Substitute
02/06/2018

52. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Peacock Team: Seat Belt Improvement
Elephant Team: Bottle Holder Improvment
02/06/2018

53. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Peacock Team: Seat Belt Improvement
02/06/2018

54. SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation
Elephant Team: Bottle Holder Improvment
02/06/2018

55. 3
SCAMPER

56. Lets look at the normal office stationary

57. (S) Substitute something – elements, information, individuals.
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

58. (C) Combine several parts of your problem to get something different and achieve synergy
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

59. (A) Adapt or change certain components of your issue, alter its function, use part of another component
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

60. (M) Modify or Magnify part of the problem, or approach it in an unordinary way
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

61. (P) Put the issue to some other use
(P) Put the issue to some other use. Come up with other ways to use your product or services. Ask yourself how you can solve your problem by reimplementing something from areas that have nothing to do with your current issue
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

62. (R) Rearrange (or reverse)
(R) Rearrange (or reverse). Think of what you might do if part of your problem/process/product was implemented in a different order or functioned in reverse. It helps you see your situation from different perspectives.
6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

63. 6/2/2018
H. M. Bwisa (2012)

64. Let’s differentiate between entrepreneurship skills (competencies) and traits (qualities, characteristics)

65. Personal traits or qualities or characteristics are what make an individual different from others. We each have our own blend of characteristics. Traits last a lifetime. A trait is something that you would have been born with e.g. patience, tolerance etc. It is something that will improve as you get older as it is a part of your personality. Traits are your natural abilities. They are a part of who you are, what you do and why you do it. In terms of entrepreneurship, we hear of….entrepreneurs are born. This means that there are people who are natural entrepreneurs.
Skills are things you can be taught; you can acquire after birth. They are things you do well and what most performance comments are based upon, such as having good writing abilities and being a clear communicator. A skill is something that you learn to do over a period of time. During education or work you will learn new skills that you can use for different things. For example you can learn the skill of using a camera while studying a media subject. In terms of entrepreneurship, we hear of…. entrepreneurs are made.
Some traits can be learned. This means that there are some overlaps between traits and skills. It is now widely recognized that some entrepreneurs are both born but many are made (trained).

66. E N T R P U S The word /letter
BWISA’S PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS (PECS) from the word entrepreneurs
The word /letter
The characteristic E
Envisioning (goal setting) – also a skill N
Novelty minded (innovativeness, creativity) T
Tolerant (perseverance) R
Responsibility
Enterprising (resourceful, industriousness) P
Passion
Risk-taking also a skill
Energetic
Networking also a skill
Efficient (and effective) also a skill U
Unstoppable
Realistic S
Self-confidence

67. Bwisa’s key entrepreneurship skills from the word entrepreneurs
The skill
Elaboration
Envisioning
Entrepreneurs must be able to envision, set goals and strategically plan their affairs
Negotiation
Entrepreneurs not only negotiate prices, they also persuasively resolve differences between themselves and customers and other people in a positive, mutually beneficial way.
Trend-setting
Entrepreneurs must be able to see changes coming in their industry. They must keep up to date on new startups and technology advances. They must have the creative ability to lead as others follow
Reading
Entrepreneurs do just read documents, they also read and interpret the times and trends and indeed read the moods of the market
Entertaining
The ability to be entertaining boosts entrepreneurial success
Problem-solving
Entrepreneurs use their problem analysis and solving skills like Cause & Effect Analysis, the 5 Whys etc. as a cornerstone for their success
Risk-taking
It is not just taking risk; it is taking calculated risk. Entrepreneurs do business plans to minimize risks
Ethical
Entrepreneurs understand that the customer is king and treat him/her ethically
Networking
It is said that “You are the average of the five people you spend the most time with.” entrepreneurs connect with positive and like-minded people. They believe in alliances
Efficiency
In order to handle the pressures of their busy lifestyles, entrepreneurs must have the ability to manage time well and to take care of personal business efficiently and effectively
Understanding
It is not just reading. To correctly interpret the reading entrepreneurs must understand the reading; the situation; the customer. They must have the ability to read and understand the market
Resiliency
Entrepreneurs recognize that not everything goes as planned. They learn to weather the business ups and downs. This skill enables the entrepreneur to keep going when the outlook is bleak.
Selling
Entrepreneurs must sell. They must sell ideas, products etc. to customers, investors or employees.

68. The end See u at www.mukmik.co.ke and www.professorbwisa.com