1. War Aims and Important Battles
Civil War,
War Aims and Important Battles

2. Union War Aims 1. Establish naval blockade 2. Capture Richmond
3. Split the Confederacy
4. Prevent foreign intervention
5. Control the Mississippi River
6. Destroy the Confederate economy

3. Confederate War Aims 1. Fight a defensive war: a war of attrition
2. Simply need a draw
3 Need foreign recognition, especially from Great Britain and France
4. Need to be unified
5. Must fight war in the South: familiar territory
6. Capture Washington DC

4. Gettysburg
Army of Northern Virginia (Lee) invades the the Union in order to capture Washington DC
Army of the Potomac (Meade) defends Washington DC
They clash near a small college town in Pennsylvania on July 1, 1863
Union: 125,000 men
CSA: 70,000 men
The battle lasts three days.

5. Gettysburg: Day 1(July 1, 1863)

6. Gettysburg: Day 2 (July 2, 1863)

7. Gettysburg: Day 2 (July 2, 1863): Little Round Top

8. Gettysburg: Day 2 (July 2, 1863): Little Round Top
Panoramic View

9. Gettysburg: Day 3 (July 3, 1863): Pickett’s Charge
View From Cemetery Ridge

10. Gettysburg: Day 3 (July 3, 1863): Pickett’s Charge
The Copse of Trees: A View From Pickett’s Division
Gettysburg: Day 3 (July 3, 1863): Pickett’s Charge

11. Gettysburg: Aftermath
Lee retreats; no more attempts to capture Washington DC
Over 57,000 casualties: killed, wounded or captured
Meade fails to pursue Lee
Confederacy doomed

12. Union Victories U. S. Grant captures Vicksburg on July 4, 1863
William T Sherman captures and burns Atlanta
The “Marches to the Sea” and captures Savannah (1864)
Moves North in to the Carolina (1865)
Grant lays siege to Richmond (9 months) Grant chases Lee in Virginia and defeats him at Five Forks Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (April 9, 1865) Lincoln assassinated on April 14th

13. The Aftermath Over 622,000 die in the war
Major Southern cities lie in ruins
Southern infrastructure is destroyed
Economy ruined
3.5 million slaves are freed